Book Report on George Orwells Animal Farm - 4597 Words

Animal Farm is a book written by George Orwell Ââ€" whose real name was Eric Blair Ââ€" published in 1945. An all-knowing narrator in the third person tells the story of an animal revolution on a farm located somewhere in England. The plot is based on the Russian revolution and Stalins use of power, and Orwell uses farm animals to portray both the people of power and the common people during this time. The main characters can be pointed out as the pigs Old Major, Napoleon, Snowball, and Squealer; the horses Boxer, Clover and Mollie; the goat Muriel; the raven Moses; the donkey Benjamin; the sheep; and the humans Mr. Jones, Mr. Pilkington , Mr. Frederick and Mr. Whymper. There is no clear central character in the novel, but the dictatorial†¦show more content†¦In spite of all the preparing, the rebellion occurs out of nowhere, much earlier than anyone expected. One day, Mr. Jones drinks too much and forgets to feed the animals. Unable to bear their hunger, the cows break in to the store shed and the animals begin to eat. Mr. Jones and his men discover the transgression and begin to whip the cows. Spurred to anger, the animals turn on the men, attack them, and easily expel them from the farm. Astonished by their success, the animals hurry to destroy the last remaining evidence of their subservience, like chains, bits, halters and whips, and celebrate the rebellion. In the next morning, they explore the farmhouse, where they find out unbelievable luxuries. The group agrees to preserve the farmhouse as a museum, with the stipulation that no animal may ever live in it. Afterwards, the pigs reveal to the other animals that they have taught themselves how to read and write, and Snowball replaces the inscription Manor Farm on the front gate with the words Animal Farm. Snowball and Napoleon reduce the principles of Animalism to Seven Commandments: 1. Whatever goes upon two legs is an enemy; 2. Whatever goes upon four legs, or has wings is a friend; 3. No animal shall wear clothes; 4. No animal shall sleep in a bed; 5. No animal shall drink alcohol; 6. No animal shall kill another animal; 7. All animals are equal. Snowball paints the commandments on theShow MoreRelatedBook Report on George Orwells Animal Farm4582 Words   |  19 PagesAnimal Farm is a book written by George Orwell Ââ€" whose real name was Eric Blair Ââ€" published in 1945. An all-knowing narrator in the third person tells the story of an animal revolution on a farm located somewhere in England. The plot is based on the Russian revolution and Stalins use of power, and Orwell uses farm animals to portray both the people of power and the common people during this time. The main characters can be pointed out as the pigs Old Major, Napoleon, Snowball, and Squealer; theRead MoreTotalitarianism in Orwells Mind Essay1053 Words   |  5 Pagesauthor George Orwell hates in government. 1984, a book written by Orwell, depicts a society called Oceania, in which unwary citizens are obedient to the Party, a totalitarian regime. Totalitarianism is defined as a political system in which a centralized government does not tolerate any form of political dissent and seeks to control many, if not all, aspects of public and private life. Another one of George Orwell’s books, Animal Farm, is an allegory about the Soviet Union, and in it farm animalsRead MoreGeorge Orwell and Animal Farm and 19841008 Words   |  5 Pages George Orwell and Animal Farm and 1984 nbsp; George Orwell is only a pen name. The man behind the classics Animal Farm and 1984 was named Eric Arthur Blair and was born to a middle class family living in Bengal in 1903. Eric Blair got his first taste of class prejudice at a young age when his mother forced him to abandon his playmates, which were plumbers children (Crick 9). He could then play only with the other children in the family, all of whom were at least five years older or youngerRead More George Orwell Essay2106 Words   |  9 PagesGeorge Orwell Eric Arthur Blair was born in 1903 at Motihari in British-occupied India. While growing up, he attended private schools in Sussex, Wellington and Eaton. He worked at the Imperial Indian Police until 1927 when he went to London to study the poverty stricken. He then moved to Paris where he wrote two lost novels. After he moved back to England he wrote Down and Out in Paris and London, Burmese Days, A Clergyman’s Daughter and Keep the Apidistra Flying. He published all four underRead MoreHow Is Marxism Portrayed in Animal Farm by George Orwell? Essay1369 Words   |  6 PagesHow is Marxism portrayed throughout ‘Animal Farm’ by George Orwell? The main aim of Marxism is to bring about a classless society, and ‘Animal Farm’ is generally considered to be a Marxist novel, as all its characters share a similar ambition at the beginning. ‘Animal Farm’ represents an example of the oppressed masses rising up to form their own classless society, whilst offering a subtle critique on Stalin’s Soviet Russia, and communism in general. Orwell is, ironically, revolutionary in hisRead MoreAnimal Farm By George Orwell954 Words   |  4 Pages For my first book report, I was assigned to read the book â€Å"Animal Farm† by George Orwell. I already had a general idea of what happens in the book, but I didn’t really know completely what it was about. I knew that the animals on the farm rebel against the farmer and the book demonstrated totalitarianism, but I didn’t know much more than that. Everyone I know that has read the book hates it, so I thought I wouldn’t like it either. I h ad never read any of George Orwell’s books before though, so IRead MoreReview Of George Orwell s The Road 1923 Words   |  8 PagesReview on George Orwell – The Road to Wigan Pier Course – BA Hons (With foundation) Community studies. Health, youth, and community Module – Reading Modern Society Tutor – Wendy Bateman Student ID – 1608296 Submission Date – Tuesday 6th December 2016 Describe and illustrate an informed opinion based on research and analysis of evidence Analyse information, experiences, and article reasoned arguments through reflection, review and evaluation. Demonstrate an introductoryRead MoreAnimal Farm, By George Orwell1089 Words   |  5 PagesIn George Orwell’s â€Å"Animal Farm†, the pigs as the farm leaders, use unknown language, invoke scare tactics and create specific laws, thereby enabling them to control other animals, to suit their greedy desires, and to perform actions outside their realm of power. Because of the pigs’ use of broad language, and the implementation of these tactics they are able to get away with avoiding laws, and are able to convince other animals into believing untrue stories that are beneficial to the pigs. The firstRead MoreGeorge Orwell s Childhood And The Situations2494 Words   |  10 Pagesforce. In the early twentieth century many travesties went unnoticed due to idleness of the people. George Orwell was one of the first writers to ever become fully involved in his writings and take action to discover the truth. Through his actions as a writer Orwell started a chain of events and continue to inspire political policies present today. The aim of this paper is to analyze how George Orwell’s childhood and the situations in which he placed himself during his life contributed to his writingRead More Animal Farm as a Political Satire to Criticise Totalitarian Regimes4636 Words   |  19 PagesAnimal Farm as a Political Satire to Criticise Totalitarian Regimes This study aims to determine that George Orwells Animal Farm is a political satire which was written to criticise totalitarian regimes and particularly Stalins practices in Russia. In order to provide background information that would reveal causes led Orwell to write Animal Farm, Chapter one is devoted to a brief summary of the progress of authors life and significant events that had impact on his political convictions. Chapter

Objectives Related to the Cryptocurrency-Free-Samples for Students

Question: Explain the objectives related to the Cryptocurrency. Answer: Introduction In this new world of technology where every operation is being digitalized, cryptocurrency can be state as the boon for the fund transfer system. The aim of this report is to bring light in the topic cryptocurrency and thoroughly explain the objectives related to the cryptocurrency. This report also introduces the Bitcoin that is the most popular cryptocurrency and in manner to prove the words, it has been chosen as the example. There are uncountable advantages of using this technology and some of them described in the below report. Besides of these advantages, there are certain disadvantages or issues with the use of cryptocurrency and the basic principles such as pseudo anonymous and decentralized system has made this technology that much popular and even these are the most critical issues that is stopping it from being spread and used as the primary source. Cryptocurrency Cryptocurrency can be defined in a simple way as, just limited entries in a data base no one can change without fulfilling the particular conditions. This seems to be an ordinary technology but in real it is very much complex and this is just a simple definition. It can also be regarded as the form of digital money that has been designed in a manner to be secured while transaction in many ways (Gamble, 2017). A currency is being associated with the internet using the cryptography technology, which is a process of converting legible information to a unique code that cannot be decoded easily, for tracking the purchases and exchange. For better understanding the Cryptocurrency, it is important to gain knowledge about the cryptography technology (Tekobbe McKnight, 2016). During the World War II, cryptography was born for securing the communication network. It has been being evolved continuously since then with the elements of computer science and mathematical theory for making the netwo rk, communication, information, and money transfer much secured. Cryptocurrency Existence Cryptocurrencies are being popular because of its security level, level of anonymity as transactions made through cryptocurrencies cannot be reversed or faked, and charges are very low to use them that makes it more reliable than traditional currencies. The decentralized property that means availability for everyone is another reason for its popularity (Tekobbe McKnight, 2016). There are certain links to the dark web that can be stated as an illegal activity and a consumer should overlook such topics before buying the currency. Bitcoin was the very first crypto currency that came into account in 2009 and right now, it is the best cryptocurrency that is being spreading into the market (Hughes Middlebrook, 2014). As the technology is getting evolved necessity and availability of such technologies are also increasing that lead to the birth of more than 900 such cryptocurrencies on the internet that are being practiced right now. Working of Cryptocurrency Decentralized technology is being used in the cryptocurrencies for securing the mode of payment that is being made online and keeping them stored in a virtual bank without having an official account. This technology runs on the blockchain process, which is a distributed public ledger called that can be described as a record of the updates on the transactions and the left amount that is being held by currency holders (White, 2015). A process called mining, are being used for creating units of cryptocurrencies that involves usage of computer technology in manner to solve complicated math problems for generating the coins (Tudor, 2014). There are several brokers also present in the market, who can sell the currencies and help in storing and spending those using cryptographic wallets. Bitcoin, Ethereum, Ripple, Litecoin are some of the common cryptocurrencies that are being used in the present time (Scott, 2016). Crypto Technology It is a technology, which is based on cryptography that has been evolved in the World War II, and came in trend from last few decades. It can be stated as a technology that can be used to make encryption over the files that are about to saved on the internet and a proper decryption code is used to decode them in manner to stop being accessed by an unauthorized user (Hofer, 2014). There are two basic components of the crypto-technology that can be stated as: Public Key Cryptography and the Blockchain. Block Chain Blockchain can be described as the special form of ledger that can be helpful in keeping track of the evidences about who is holding what assets and that is the most hard to modify deceitfully. Pseudo-anonymity is the other important property of the blockchain that is an important aspect for cryptocurrency (English, Auer Domingue, 2016). Blockchain technology cannot be described as the technology that is being used in all the cryptocurrencies rather it is being used only in decentralized cryptocurrencies that uses proof-of-stake and proof-of-work protocols. It can also be described as the publicly reviewable ledger containing a verified record of every transaction. Synchronization of blockchain technology is then very important aspect for using it efficiently that means blockchain, ledgers must be kept synchronized among each other, or it can also be expressed as distributed consensus that emphasis on the need of mechanism that prevents a client form accepting conflicting messages a bout the fake transactions and many more (Zheng et al., 2016). Another important topic in the cryptocurrencies is the mining and it is a little bit complicate what miners do in real. Three basic steps are being followed in a process that can be listed as: The hash (#): It can be described as the product of algorithm that is being used to turn data of a variable in a variable length into data of particular length. New proposed transactions broadcast block in the Bitcoin network (Gordon, 2017). Guessing of a random number by the miners that is being stated as nonce. Bit-Coin As discussed earlier this is the very first cryptocurrency that came into existence and currently most vital in the market that is capable of addressing the Byzantine General Problem. Bitcoin software helps in enabling a network for the computers in manner to maintain a collective bookkeeping using the internet that neither is in control of one party, nor closed that result in absence of central record-keeper (Shi et al., 2014). It is not only digital money; rather it is more important than that, which can be described as the sum of technologies that is creating an ecosystem. Bitcoin includes of the four main technologies (Davidson, Flippi Potts, 2016): Public transaction ledger Decentralized peer-to-peer network Decentralized transaction evaluation system and A completely decentralized Mathematical Currency Issuance Mechanism Properties of Cryptocurrency Following are the list of properties of the cryptocurrency: Irreversible:The transaction made at the first place cannot be reversed or an user cannot get back the coins (money) after making confirmation for the transaction and it cannot reversed by any means or any authority (Osterrieder, Lorenz Strika, 2016). There is also not much safety in this network and no one could even help if any hacker steals the funds or by mistake, an individual transfer to other account. This leads to the less reliability on this technology. Pseudonymous:It emphasis on using the service without having a real world identity and an individual does not need any government proof to open an account and share money. It can be a random individual, who transfers the money or the identity that is being used can be fake. Fast and global:The transactions that have been propagated do arrive for an instances and a user have to confirm it within a couple of minutes (ElBahraw et al., 2017). This is being happened in the global network of the whole world network of the computers they are completely indifferent of the physical location of the users irrespective of the distance between the two consumers. Secure:In general, Cryptocurrency funds have been locked in the system of a public key cryptography that results in the access of the transfer of the currency by the user only who is the right owner of that currency. Proper encryption and cryptography technology makes the currency to be inaccessible by an unauthorized user. Bitcoin is much more secured cryptography than Front Knox cryptocurrencies. Permissionless: No permission is needed to access, as it is available for every user that is connected to the internet (Ahn et al., 2016). It is software easily available on the Web and anyone can download it and access it. You dont have to ask anybody to use cryptocurrencies. Figure 1: Features of Cryptocurrency (Source: Created by Author) Issues related to the Cryptocurrency Besides of all of the features and advantages there are certain issues related to the practice of cryptocurrencies that can be listed as: Insecurity: As stated earlier transactions are reversible that also eliminates the most important factor of making business that is reliability, and loyalty. There not any such service whom you can call and discuss about the transaction and get your refund if any fraud happens (Hsieh, Vergne Wang, 2017). It aims at pseudo anonymous and decentralized that makes it vulnerable to be hacked by the hackers and stolen in unauthorized way. Volatility: Since the market of bitcoins are very much volatile in nature (as in between January 2015 and November 2013 50% value collapsed) it is not preferable for long-term use. Price fluctuations will affect the business and money cannot be recovered during low markets. Money is created at a depreciating rate: most of the cryptocurrencies do not follow the economic principle of money stated by the government and money is being created at a rapid depreciating rate. Proof of work: The energy consumption that needs to be maintained while the process is going on has been criticized by for the hardware arms race that has been created by it (Cocco et al., 2017). No inflation/ limited supply: it is an issue related to the economic effects of the cybercurrencies reaching its final detrimental effect of the absence of inflation in the whole system. Confirmation time: This is another issue related to the use of cybercurrencies as most of the servers provides at least ten minutes for the confirmation of transaction. Blockchain Bloating: blockchain is nothing but a file as more transactions are being done more the size of the file will increase. Solution to the Issues It should be operated by the organization irrespective of the independent organization and should be based on the government policies of finance and economy. The account should be opened with proper identity defining the permanent address of the user. The transaction should be made reversible and there should be customer assistance service for the contact if a user feels the act of fraud. Another solution related to such issues can be proposed as the network should be made secured and any user entering the network should be recorded with their virtual address of the computers (Bonneau et al., 2015). From the perceptive of the user it can be recommended that he or she should cross check all the objectives before making any investment and check whether he or she is being framed for any fraud or not. Cryptocurrency Security There are two very crucial components for the security in cryptocurrencies and the first part focuses on the difficulty that is being faced in finding hash set intersections that is being done by the miners. The second crucial component can be described as of the two cases is a51% attack (Schaffner, 2015). For an instance, the miner capable of controlling the mining in more than 51% of the network has the capability to alter the blockchain and he could generate an alternative block-chain for the same network. Through achieving the objective a user will be able to revise the transactions made by him and will be capable of blocking other transactions (Yang, Kou Liu, 2017). Future of Crypto Currency It can be stated that the market of cryptocurrencies is wild and fast. Every day thousands of transactions are being made and lots of investor losing or gaining money from the cryptocurrencies. Some of the users survive for the first month and most are pumped and dumped by speculators and live on as zombie coins until the last bagholder loses hope ever to see a return on his investment (Gipp, Meuschke Gernandt, 2015). Besides of all the facts related to the disadvantage of cryptocurrency it has the capability to change the future and it can be experienced that it is changing the face of fund transfer. Most of the retailers and customers are using Bitcoin as the media to exchange currencies and trying to be protected against the devaluation of their national currency. Most of the Asian companies are using Bitcoin and are using darknets of flourishing and cybercrime. The technology is being evolved and in future, it is being estimated that it will eliminate the banking and physical money transaction. Institutional investors have also started to buy the cryptocurrencies. Conclusion Based on the above report it can be concluded that, as it had been appeared very early, even that it is a very new technology for most of the sectors and cryptocurrencies are being technically much advanced. Most the systems, which are responsible for the proper functioning of the society had been centralized and are not accessed on pseudo anonymity rather it is based on these principles. People always fear the change and want to be stick with the traditional methods irrespective of the advantages and facilities or ease to access. This report shows how cryptocurrencies can change the face of the fund transfer in the world. With respect to the disadvantages, there are certain measures that could be taken but they seem to be impractical in the real world. There is the extreme need of a responsible authority that could help in making this system a systematic transactional method and much secured. In other words, it can be said that it is the necessity of the time for such technology but certain authority that can give guarantee on the processes should centralize it. Cryptography technology is being used to make the transaction secured but there should be a refund system for the users. This technology is highly vulnerable to cyberattacks as most of the users are connected to the dark web, which can be described as the dark side of the internet. There are certain examples like the cases of ransomware attack have been increasing continuously day by day and intruders are using cryptocurrencies as a medium to achieve success in looting others. Suggestion Making cryptocurrency a centralized system can be recommended to make this as the basic system that can be used by everyone and make the system more secured. It should be made as the basic medium for exchanging the currency. Retailers are using it but it should be implemented within the systems of each retailer. References Ahn, G. J., Doupe, A., Zhao, Z., Liao, K. (2016). Ransomware 7 and cryptocurrency.Cybercrime Through an Interdisciplinary Lens,26, 105. Bonneau, J., Miller, A., Clark, J., Narayanan, A., Kroll, J. A., Felten, E. W. (2015, May). Sok: Research perspectives and challenges for bitcoin and cryptocurrencies. InSecurity and Privacy (SP), 2015 IEEE Symposium on(pp. 104-121). IEEE. Cocco, L., Concas, G., Marchesi, M. (2017). Using an artificial financial market for studying a cryptocurrency market.Journal of Economic Interaction and Coordination, 1-21. Davidson, S., De Filippi, P., Potts, J. (2016). Disrupting governance: The new institutional economics of distributed ledger technology. ElBahrawy, A., Alessandretti, L., Kandler, A., Pastor-Satorras, R., Baronchelli, A. (2017). Bitcoin ecology: Quantifying and modelling the long-term dynamics of the cryptocurrency market.. Gamble, C. (2017). The Legality and Regulatory Challenges of Decentralised Crypto-Currency: A Western Perspective.Int'l Trade Bus. L. Rev.,20, 346. Gipp, B., Meuschke, N., Gernandt, A. (2015). Decentralized trusted timestamping using the crypto currency bitcoin.arXiv preprint arXiv:1502.04015. Gordon, G. (2017). Provenance and authentication of oracle sensor data with block chain lightweight wireless network authentication scheme for constrained oracle sensors. Hofer, N. (2014).A Software Engineering Perspective on Cryptocurrencies(Doctoral dissertation). Hsieh, Y. Y., Vergne, J. P., Wang, S. (2017). The Internal and External Governance of Blockchain-Based Organizations: Evidence from Cryptocurrencies. Hughes, S. J., Middlebrook, S. T. (2014). Regulating cryptocurrencies in the United States: Current issues and future directions. Osterrieder, J., Lorenz, J., Strika, M. (2016). Cryptocurrencies, Their Statistical Properties and Extreme Tail Behaviour. Sarkar, s. (2017).What is Cryptocurrency: Everything You Need To Know [Ultimate Guide]. [online] Blockgeeks. Available at: https://blockgeeks.com/guides/what-is-cryptocurrency/ [Accessed 7 Oct. 2017]. Schaffner, D. (2015).U.S. Patent Application No. 14/691,463. Scott, B. (2016).How can cryptocurrency and blockchain technology play a role in building social and solidarity finance?(No. 2016-1). UNRISD Working Paper. Shi, E., Parno, B., Miller, A., Katz, J., Juels, A. (2014). Permacoin: Repurposing Bitcoin Work for Data Preservation. Tekobbe, C., McKnight, J. C. (2016). Indigenous cryptocurrency: Affective capitalism and rhetorics of sovereignty.First Monday,21(10). White, B. (2015). A theory for lightweight cryptocurrency ledgers. Yang, D., Kou, L., Liu, A. (2017).U.S. Patent No. 9,672,499. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. Zheng, Z., Xie, S., Dai, H. N., Wang, H. (2016). Blockchain Challenges and Opportunities: A Survey.Work Pap

Psychedelic Rock and Self Destruction free essay sample

It also aims to measure what Psychedelic Rock does to the human psyche, and why it causes self-destruction to most people who listen to it and to the people who made or played it, this includes drinking alcohol, taking drugs, mooing, sex, hallucination, high brain activity, being high, and etc. , which causes an early death and self-destruction. Psychedelic rock is a style of rock music that is inspired or influenced by psychedelic culture and attempts to replicate and enhance the mind-altering experiences of psychedelic drugs.It emerged during the mid sass among folk rock and blues rock bands in United States and the United Kingdom. It often used new recording techniques and effects and drew on non-western sources such the ragas and drones of Indian music. Psychedelic rock bridged the transition from early blues- and folk music-based rock to progressive rock, glam rock, hard rock and as a result influenced the development of sub-genres such as heavy metal. We will write a custom essay sample on Psychedelic Rock and Self Destruction or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Since the late sass it has been revived in various forms of neo- psychedelic.As a musical style psychedelic rock often contains some of the following features: * electric guitars, often used with feedback, way way and fuzzes; * elaborate studio effects, such as backwards tapes, panning, phasing, long delay loops, and extreme revere; * exotic instrumentation, with a particular fondness for the sitar and table; strong keyboard presence, especially organs, harpsichords, or he Maelstrom (an early tape-driven sampler); * a strong emphasis on extended instrumental solos or jams; * complex song structures, key and time signature changes, modal melodies and drones; primitive electronic instruments such as synthesizers and the therein; -k surreal, whimsical, esoterically or literary-inspired, lyrics; In the sass, in the tradition Of jazz and blues, many folk and rock musicians began to take drugs and included drug references in their songs. Beat Generation writers like William Burroughs, Jack Kerouac, Allen Ginsberg and especially the new proponents of consciousness expansion such as Timothy Leary, AlanWatts, Aloud Huxley and Arthur Jostler, profoundly influenced the thinking of the new generation, helping to popularize the use of LSI. Psychedelic musics LSI-inspired vibe began in the folk scene, with the New York- based Holy Modal Rounders using the term in their 1964 recording of Hesitation Blues. The first group to advertise themselves as psychedelic rock were the 13th Floor Elevators from Texas, at the end of 1965. The term was first used in print in the Austin American Statesman in an article about the band titled Illiquid Elevators shine with psychedelic rock, dated 10 February 1966, and theirs was the first album to use the term as part of its title, in The Psychedelic Sounds of the 13th Floor Elevators, released in August that year.After being introduced to cannabis by Bob Dylan, members of the Beetles began ex perimenting with LSI from 1 965 and the group introduced many of the major elements of the psychedelic sound to audiences in this period, with l Feel Fine (1964) using guitar feedback; Norwegian Wood from their rubberier Soul album using a sitar, and the employment of backwards spooling On their 1966 single B-side Rain. Drug preferences began to appear in their songs from Day Tripper (1965) and more explicitly from Tomorrow Never Knows (1966) from their 1966 album Revolver. The Birds, emerging from the Californian folk scene, and the Yardarms from the British blues scene, have been seen as particularly influential on the development of the genre. The psychedelic life style had already developed in California, particularly in San Francisco, by the mid-ass, where there was also an emerging music scene.It does not really matter, for one day (perhaps in the moment of death) the illusion will dissolve, and each one of us will awaken to discover that he himself is what there is and all that there s?the very root and ground of the universe, or the ultimate and eternal space in which things and events come and go. This is not simply an idea which someone thought up, like science fiction or a philosophical theory. It is the attempt to express an experience in which consciousness itself, the basic sensation of being l, undergoes a remarkable change. We do not know much about these experiences. They are relatively common, and arise in every part of the world.They occur to both children and adults. They may last for a few seconds and come once in a lifetime, or they may happen pedaled and constitute a permanent change of consciousness. With baffling impartiality they may descend upon those who never heard of them, as upon those who have spent years trying to cultivate them by some type Of discipline. They have been regarded, equally, as a disease of consciousness with symptoms everywhere the same, like measles, and as a vision of higher reality such as comes in moments of scientific or psychological insight. They may turn people into monsters and megalomaniacs, or transform them into saints and sages.While there is no sure way of inducing these experiences, a favorable atmosphere may be created by intense concentration, by fasting, by sensory deprivation, by hyper-oxygenation, by prolonged emotional stress, by profound relaxation, or by the use of certain drugs. The descriptions in the literature of mystical experience and psychedelic experience, such as that induced by LSI, a re usually written by persons who have actually experienced only one or perhaps neither of the two states. Because many of the most important effects can be understood by direct experience but only partially described in ordinary language, such lack of direct experience is a major Arabica. Since there is disagreement over the question of whether mystical experience and LSI experience can be the same, it would be helpful if an individual who has experienced aspects of both states would compare them.One of the authors (ALAS) describes his experience with both states. A particular form of mystical experience, cosmic consciousness (C), occurred spontaneously; no mind altering drugs were used. ALAS later took LSI on 12-15 occasions. Both states of consciousness involved alterations in time sense, subject/object boundary, cognition, mood and perception. However, he changes with C were qualitatively and quantitatively different from those of LSI. The authors conclude that C and LSI can be quite different states of consciousness, although we cannot completely rule out the possibility that psychedelics might sometimes induce the same kinds of mystical experiences that occur for non-drug reasons. So what is it about psychedelic music or any music for that matter that could lead you into the realm of enlightenment? Music has a profound affect on the human psyche ? both the brain and the mind. From before a human is born, to someone well in their asss, music templates the thinking, analytical, and planning parts of the brain, not to mention, the creativity center! It causes the brain to produce feel-good endorphins and chemicals are released that promote healing. Top of Form Bottom of Form Psychedelic music specifically came from a place of a newfound freedom and experimentation ? experimenting with sounds, lyrics, even the length of songs ? all had the aim of taking the listener on a ride.The Beetles came out with one of the first publicly known psychedelic songs Lucy in the Sky of Diamonds which featured Eastern spiritual influences, rare instruments and he use of the some of the earliest electronic machines. Stuff to just freak you out, man! Depending on the type of music y ou listen to, whether its the guitar-ripping of Jim Hendrix to the classical symphonies of Beethoven, music can take you to a place of complete inner solitude, fill you with the sense of oneness between you and the world and is an excellent way to deepen your spiritual journey. Psychedelic rock music has taken on a (some would say aptly) nebulous identity since those halcyon days of the Summer of Love, where love was free and LSI was legal.Of course everyone knows what psych IS; every single pop artist of the Sixties took a detour into its murky yet somehow alluring depths during the genres 1966-1968 heyday, even if most of these acts only stuck around at the party for the space of an album or so. Still, when psych fiends sit around and talk about the music, its not the Beetles or even Pink Floyd that get discussed so much. No, our definition of psychedelic, like Sultans, hinges on teenagers banging out aggressive, worldly- yet-innocent breakouts that utilized what some saw as the mind-expanding qualities Of certain illegal drugs and the DID proto-punk aesthetic of the garage.Like rockabilly before it and punk after it, most of these groups went nearly unnoticed in their time, scoring maybe one minor hit if lucky and then fading out after another handful of ass. But rock and roll, lest we forget, thrives on just such a pioneer spirit. And that never changes, even if the psychedelic movement may have made America look less like itself than ever before. THE 27 CLUB In life, there are certain questions that will be left unanswered and mysteries that will remain unsolved. Such is the case with a group of young, legendary musicians whose tragic deaths spawned what is known as the 27 Club. The 7 Club, also known as Club 27 or Forever 27 Club, is a name given to a group of notable musicians who died at the young age of 27. Their deaths during this ripe age are either known or shrouded in mystery.Influential musicians included on this list are: * Kurt cabin (February 20, 1967 April 5, 1994) Guitarist, Singer songwriter and lead singer of Nirvana, committed suicide by shooting himself with a shotgun * Jim Hendrix (November 27, 1942 ? September 18, 1 970) Singer-songwriter and guitarist, cause of death was sleeping pill overdose * Robert Johnson (May 8, 1911 August 16, 1938) Blues musician, cause of death is unknown * Brian Jones (February 28, 1942 -July 3, 1969) Guitarist and founding member of The Rolling Stones, cause of death was drowning * Janis Joplin (January 19, 1943 -4 October 1970) Singer-songwriter and lead singer of Big Brother and the Holding Company, probable cause of death was heroin overdose k Jim Morrison (December 8, 1943 -July 3, 1971)- Singer- songwriter and lyricist of The Doors, cause of death listed as heart failure although others suspect it was due to heroin overdose CONCLUSION This is not simply an idea which someone thought up, like science fiction or philosophical theory. It is the attempt to express an experience in which consciousness itself, the basic sensation of being I, undergoes a remarkable change. We do not know much about these experiences. They are relatively common, and arise in every part of the world. They occur to both children and adults. They may last for a few seconds and come once in a lifetime, or they may happen repeatedly and constitute a permanent change of consciousness.

Social influence and anti social behaviour

Social influence and anti social behaviour Introduction Experiments on social influence help to determine whether a person behaves in accordance to one’s social context or one’s personality. They emphasise the importance of the implied, real or envisaged existence of others. Individuals spend most of their time in social gatherings and they can exert an influence on group members or the reverse may occur.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Social influence and anti social behaviour specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Indeed, most people’s attitudes reflect the belief systems of their respective groups. To effectively understand human behaviour, one must fully appreciate the role that social context plays in influencing it. Experiments on social context can demystify antisocial behaviour because they provide a theoretical basis for deviations from the norm. How research helps in the understanding of social behaviour One classic piece of social i nfluence research is the Asch conformity as carried out by Solomon Asch. He was one of the most important contributors of the antisocial behavioural discipline because he demystified the concept of group conformance (Turner 1991). In his analysis, the experimenter used two types of cards for all the participants. One card had a standard line while the other card had three different lines. Subjects were supposed to match the lines on the second card with the standard line. This was a relatively simply test that had a clear answer. However, the subjects were placed in the company of others and answered after all the confederates (5, 6 or seven in number) had responded. It was found that twelve out of the eighteen subjects changed their minds when the perceived members of the team did the same. When these participants were asked to identify the correct line privately, they gave the right answer. This experiment illustrated that members of a group will be under pressure to conform to ot her’s people’s opinions even when they know that the opinions they hold are wrong. Ash’s study was critical in illustrating the importance of normative social influence. His subjects deliberately gave a wrong answer because they wanted to adhere to group norms. At the time of the experiment, it was necessary to follow the instructions of members of the group. Their feelings and expectations were imperative in bringing out these outcomes. In fact, conformance was so important to the subjects that they were willing to support an answer that they knew was obviously wrong (Bond Smith 1996). Similarly, one may apply this information to groups that engage in antisocial behaviour. A young man may participate in a violent activity, group rape or robbery owing to the type of social influence found in Ash’s experiment.Advertising Looking for essay on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More He m ay know that the activity is immoral, but may choose to engage in it simply to conform to group expectations. Such subjects seek group rewards or want to evade social punishment. This public conformity may explain why certain people act appropriately in private and inappropriately in a group especially when the action they are doing is undoubtedly wrong/ immoral. Asch’s work also provides useful insights on self categorisation. This theory posits that sometimes people may justify their antisocial behaviour in groups by depersonalizing themselves from the situation (Koelen Van den Ban 2010). They may claim that their behaviour was in tandem with the group, and this was the right thing to do. Participants may hold the expectation that when in a group, one is expected to hold the same attitudes or beliefs as the group. They depend upon the choices of others to gauge whether their own actions are correct. The Milgram experiment was yet another classic piece of work on social inf luence and can also provide tremendous insights on antisocial behaviour. It was carried out amongst a group of volunteers who were made to believe that they were playing the role of a teacher. A confederate was placed in an adjacent room, and was expected to learn a series of words from the teacher. For every wrong response, the teacher was to administer an electric shock to the learner. However, confederates did not receive actual shocks. The experimenter simulated sounds and noises that sounded like electric shocks. The confederates also pretended to be in pain by screaming and banging on the wall after a certain voltage level. They were supposed to tell the teacher about a heart condition that they had. If the subjects wanted to stop at a certain time, the experimenter would urge them to continue using a succession of four sentences, which stressed the critical importance of continuing. If the ‘teacher’ felt that he still wanted to stop after the four sentences, then the experiment would end (Wu 2003). However, others who asked about the confederates were assured that the shocks would not cause permanent harm to the ‘learners’. The results revealed that 65% of the subjects were willing to reach the maximum voltage even though they appeared to be uncomfortable doing so. Some questioned the ethics of the experiment and even refused payment.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Social influence and anti social behaviour specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Unlike Asch’s trials, which simply dwelt on group influence, this research was crucial in understanding the role that authority plays in affecting people’s behaviour. Asch’s work compared moral values with social beliefs or opinions. However, Milgram contrasted authority with one’s moral beliefs. His study was critical in illustrating how authority can undermine moral principles and thus lead to a ntisocial behaviour. Therefore, the concept of obedience to authority was under analysis here. More than half of the participants in the study were willing to forfeit their personal principles in order to obey authority. These findings illustrate how antisocial behaviour can occur among seemingly normal or ordinary people. Participants of this study believed that they were not expected to question authority. Similarly subordinates in other settings may commit immoral or antisocial crimes simply because they respect authority. They may be aware of the destructiveness or immorality of their situations, but may willingly participate in those wrongs because of submission to authority. The Milgram experiment also shows that individuals sometimes do not reflect on their beliefs when acting on behalf of an authority. This is reflective of the agentic state theory. In this school of thought, Milgram asserted that when people subject themselves to the authority of others, they may regard the mselves as mere instruments’ of their superior’s wishes rather than individual entities (Milgram 1974). As such, most people will not feel responsible for any actions when they engage in antisocial behaviour. In addition, this experiment is also a continuation of the theory of conformism that was started by Asch. Engaging in antisocial behaviour may sometimes be a form of reference to a group. In this case, the group is the authority figure. Conformity often occurs when the concerned person feels that he or she is not capable enough to make a certain decision. In such cases, the person will depend upon the group as a reference for behaviour (Hayes 2000). This especially occurs when an individual is in a crisis situation like the one in the concerned experiment. Such an analysis is especially relevant in understanding how some people may be prompted to behave in a manner similar to the one viewed in the Nazi concentration camps. The persons carrying out those actions re vealed that social influence can be dominant enough to lead to sadistic or inhumane acts as seen in the genocide.Advertising Looking for essay on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Milgram proved that more often than not, people agree to belong to a system. When in that system, they have the choice of either sticking to their moral judgements or submitting to the rules of the system, which are represented by figures of authority. Loyalty may be regarded as a moral standard that shapes people’s behaviour. Therefore, when one makes a choice between these divided allegiances then one may or may not act in a deviant manner. The subjects in the experiment were more loyal to the rules of the system, which was the experiment, than their own belief systems and this perpetuated aggressive or violent behaviour. This experiment is highly useful in illustrating that the agentic state of an individual can lead to antisocial behaviour. One may belong to a corporation, and may be persuaded to carry out criminal/ unethical behaviour after receiving instructions from one’s supervisor. This study is useful in identifying the situations that cause obedience to unet hical instructions, and can thus allow stakeholders to either minimise those conditions or eradicate them completely. Phillip Zimbardo also carried out another famous study known as the Stanford Prison Experiment. His major aim was to find out how situational factors lead to deviant behaviour. The researcher created a fake prison at the basement of Stanford University and took 24 students into the setup. The experiment was supposed to last for a period of 2 weeks. Unlike Milgram, Zimbardo did not use confederates or actors as prisoners. All the participants were assigned roles as guards or prisoners. No prisoner was allowed to leave the premises while the guards could do so after an eight-hour shift. The experiment never went up to the intended two weeks as the prisoners were immensely stressed while the guards became sadistic and abusive. Zimbardo found that regardless of having two choices; being hostile or civil towards the prisoners, the guards chose to be hostile. Most of the p risoners took on a position of submission and depression. Some of them seemed to be highly anxious and even began crying. The researcher himself participated in the study; played the role of a prison warden. However, he stopped being objective in the analysis when he allowed the guards to act so brutally. It was Zimbardo’s girlfriend who warned him about the dangers of the experiment, and urged him to stop. After the experiment, it was found that certain situations can prompt seemingly passive individuals to act in a deviant or antisocial manner. When people are given positions of power, they yield to its influence and forget about the importance of their own moral values. The subjects who played the role of guards started to behave in a manner that was not typical of them. Many of them transformed from being passive to aggressive and even violent. Conversely, the subjects who played the role of guards became silent and passive. This analysis was important in understanding th e importance of social conformity. Most people will behave in a certain way owing to their understanding or society’s definition of the position. Police officers, teachers, parents, waitresses, prisoners or prison guards all fulfil certain social roles. Persons in these roles are expected to exhibit certain kinds of behaviour. The guards in the mock prison embraced their social roles and disregarded the fact that they might hurt their fellow participants. This was particularly surprising when Zimbardo himself acted inappropriately. Furthermore, the participants had not shown any signs of psychological malfunctions prior to the survey. Besides, none of the participants volunteered for the role as this would have denoted that certain elements of their personality came into effect. All were randomly assigned those positions without prior consultations. He acknowledged that he had gotten so carried away by his social role, as a warden, that he lost all objectivity of the analysis . Unlike Milgram’s study; this experiment had no specific authority. However, it did prove some of the findings in Asch’s study; that group expectations can replace an individual’s moral imperatives. In this case, no one voiced their expectations about what the prison guards or prisoners should do or say. This behaviour was deduced from expectations on those social roles. No form of coercion or force was exerted upon the participants, yet they found it within themselves to act so sadistically. This study shows that social influence can occur in non immediate settings. The persons concerned in the Zimbardo experiment did not seek immediate social rewards or refrain from immediate punishment. They were allured by the temptations of the powerful positions they were in (Zimbardo 2007). All the experiments discussed above on social influence also prove that conformity can be manipulated. Once a dissenting opinion is voiced by even one member, then that is sufficient enough to cause doubt about a certain act. Variations of the Asch and Milgram experiments have shown that people will be willing to abide by their own moral standards if they realise that other persons in their own position would be willing to do the same. Additionally, if a person heard about certain opinions from an in-group member, then he or she would be more likely to adhere to those same opinions than if the view came from a perceived outsider. Social influence can be moderated and this may minimise antisocial behaviour in subjects. Zimbardo, Asch and Milgram also demonstrate that social forces play a vital role in one’s deeds. Antisocial behaviour may arise out of the need to conform to societal expectations, direct group expectations or even a member of authority. These researches point out that sometimes, one’s personality or value systems can be overridden by certain social forces. Therefore, psychologists or other stakeholders may prevent or treat antisocial behaviour by minimising the occurrence of these group influences. It is particularly interesting to note that most of the deviant behaviour took place regardless of the anonymity of the participants. The subjects had no particular relationship with the researchers in all three social influence studies yet they still engaged in antisocial behaviour. One might conclude that peer influence among known associates and friends may exert an even heavier social influence on the deviant person. Social influence is a concept that can affect people in various capacities. It is so powerful because it has a two-way function. It offers rewards to the person engaging in the antisocial behaviour because it facilitates acceptance. It also offers rewards to the group because it elicits fewer negative sentiments from them. Social influence can thus impede or heighten antisocial behaviour based on these understandings (Guetzkow 2000) Conclusion The studies carried out on social influence illustrate th at it highly affects individual behaviour. These researches show that a person’s behaviour is firmly rooted in one’s social context. Sometimes this may come in the form of one’s peers, group, roles or authority figures. References Bond, R Smith, P 1996, ‘Culture and conformity: a meta analysis of studies using Asch’s line judgment task’ Psychological Bulletin, Vol. 119, pp. 11-137 Guetzkow, H 2000, Groups, leadership and men, Carnegie press, Pittsburgh Hayes, N 2000, Foundations of psychology, Thomson, London Koelen, M Van den Ban, A 2010, Health education and health promotion, Wageningen Academic Publishers, Melbourne Milgram, 1974, Obedience to authority: an experimental view, HarperCollins, London Turner, J 1991, Social influence, Open University Press, NY Wu, W 2003, ‘Compliance: the Milgram Experiment’ Practical psychology, June, pp. 23 Zimbardo, P 2007, ‘When good people do evil’ Yale Alumni magazine, Februar y, pp. 8

How You Can Take Advantage of ACT Math Question Order

How You Can Take Advantage of ACT Math Question Order SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Understanding how to do your best on the ACT math section means understanding how the math section is structured and where you can get the most points for your time and energy. We’ll walk you through how each ACT math section is organized and how you can use this information to your benefit, both in your studies and as you take your official ACTs. ACT Math Organization The ACT math section is ordered in two main ways- by difficulty and by content. Let's look at each. Math Organization Type 1: Difficulty Of the two organization categories, the biggest factor that determines the order of questions is difficulty level. "Difficulty" on the ACT math questions is characterized by: the time necessary to solve a problem, the steps required, how many math concepts you must employ, and/or how familiar or unfamiliar you are likely to be with the material. And the difficulty level increases over the course of the math test. You can generally split the difficulty of ACT math problems into three even zones. There are 60 math questions total and you can arrange them roughly like so: Questions 1-20- "easy" Questions 21-40- "medium" Questions 41-60- "hard" The reason we put these terms in quotes is due to the fact that these breakdowns are approximately true, but not everyone will have the same concept of"easy" or "hard" when it comes to math problems. The difficulty of any particular problem will depend on your experience with the topic, how well you understand the phrasing of the question, or even your level of fatigue and concentration at the time. But splitting the ACT math section this way works as a rough guideline for most students. In general, with each new tier of difficulty, the questions will take longer to solve and often require more steps. For instance, it might take you as little as 10 seconds to solve question number 3, but take as many as a two or three minutes to puzzle over question 55. (Note: we will talk more about how you can balance your time per question later in the guide.) Math Organization Type 2: Content Because â€Å"difficulty† is partially determined by how well you’re likely to know the material (based on the typical middle and high school curriculum), this follows that the test is also ordered, in part, by topic. The more years you’ve spent studying a math topic, the more likely that you are to consider a particular question â€Å"easy.† Though the topics mix and mesh with one another, there are still overarching patterns of where you are most likely to find your algebra questions or your trigonometry problems. Because you’re likely to have seen and studied single variable equationsfor more years than you've studiedtrigonometry, you’ll see more of your algebra questions early on in the test and more of your coordinate geometry and trig questions later in the test. So most of the algebra questions will be "easy" (though not all) and most of the geometry and trig questions will be "medium" or "hard" (though, again, not all). The ACT is a standardized test, so each test will look very similar. We have broken down one ACT math test (test code 67C) by math topicto demonstrate this pattern in action. 1. Algebra 31. Plane and Solid Geometry 2. Algebra 32. Numbers 3. Algebra 33. Coordinate Geometry 4. Numbers 34. Coordinate Geometry 5. Algebra 35. Numbers 6. Algebra 36. Coordinate Geometry 7. Algebra 37. Plane and Solid Geometry 8. Algebra 38. Plane and Solid Geometry 9. Algebra 39. Coordinate Geometry 10. Plane and Solid Geometry 40. Plane and Solid Geometry 11. Plane and Solid Geometry 41. Coordinate Geometry 12. Algebra 42. Trigonometry 13. Numbers 43. Numbers 14. Algebra 44. Coordinate Geometry 15. Numbers 45. Plane and Solid Geometry 16. Numbers 46. Plane and Solid Geometry 17. Plane and Solid Geometry 47. Plane and Solid Geometry 18. Numbers 48. Plane and Solid Geometry 19. Numbers 49. Algebra 20. Plane and Solid Geometry 50. Coordinate Geometry 21. Algebra 51. Coordinate Geometry 22. Trigonometry 52. Coordinate Geometry 23. Numbers 53. Algebra 24. Coordinate Geometry 54. Algebra 25. Algebra 55. Algebra 26. Numbers 56. Plane and Solid Geometry 27. Plane and Solid Geometry 57. Trigonometry 28. Coordinate Geometry 58. Numbers 29. Algebra 59. Algebra 30. Coordinate Geometry 60. Numbers As you can see, the math topics are mixed in with one another, but there are some distinct patterns. Questions 1-30 are more algebra and numbers heavy (70% of the questions), while questions 31-60 are more geometry and trig heavy (67% of the questions). This pattern will hold true for any given ACT. The difficulty of questions may increase as you go, but if you take it one step at a time, you'll soon be scaling to the top. How to Use the Test Structure to Your Advantage There is no guessing penalty on the ACT, so your goal is to answer as many questions as accurately as possible across the board. Of course you are also on a strict time crunch, so this is not always easy. Depending on your current scores (and your target scores), this may mean that you focus most of your time and energy on a particular section of the test and then blindly- or, time permitting, strategically- guess the rest of your questions. (Note: for more on how to guess to your best advantage, check out how to guess on the ACT math section). For others, your score goals may mean that you look at at and attempt every single question. There will, however, be a general step-by-step guideline to follow for students scoring at all levels. So let's break it down. Step 1: Take a Full Practice Test Taking a practice test- a full practice test!- is always step one when embarking on any kind of study plan for a standardized test. You won’t truly know where you currently stand or how to specifically improve from there without first taking a practice test. And though you may be concerned specifically with your math score right now, that score fits into the larger test-taking picture. The ACT lasts for several hours at a time, and your levels of concentration and fatigue will fluctuate. So only by taking the full test will you be able to see how your math score fits into your overall ACT score. Try to emulate the structure of the real test as much as possible, so carve out a few hours on a weekend and take the full practice test in a quiet environment. Here, you can find free full ACT practice tests and answer keys. Step 2: Set a Target Score Goal Now that you’ve taken your practice test and scored the results, check out how your scores currently stack upand set yourself a target score goal. This will be the score that you aim to reach by test day, and both your current scores and your progress towards this goal will determine how you go about your studying. Step 3: Find the Patterns in Your Right and Wrong Answers Now take a look at all your wrong answers and see if you can spot any patterns to the errors. Are you mostly getting wrong answers in a particular section, like questions 25 - 35 or 45 - 60? Are you mostly getting questions wrong by topic (do those triangle problems throw you for a loop no matter where they are on the test)? Let's look at the different types of errors by location and by content and see which apply to your current test scores. Different types of location errors include: Errors spread fairly evenly throughout the math test (so about as many wrong answers in questions in the first 20 questions as the last 20). Errors clustered in pockets. Usually, these occur around questions 25-35 and questions 40-50 because this is where the test transitions difficulty levels. Errors mostly contained in the "medium-high" and "high" difficulty ranges of questions 45-60. Now look over your math test and see if you can identify the questions according to topic. How did your right and wrong answers sync up with specificACT math topicsbeing tested? Tally how many questions on each topic were on the test and how many questions you answered correctly for each topic. (So if questions 15 and 29 were sequence questions and you answered number 15 correctly and 29 incorrectly, give yourself a score of $1/2$ in sequences.) Often, student errors will be a combination of location and topic, so don’t be alarmed if this is the case. Write down on a separate piece of paper: The location of most of your errors Your personal "score" by math topic (e.g., $3/6$ in lines and angles, $4/4$ in statistics, and so forth.) This list will help you hone in on your weak areas and target them as you go through your studies. Step 4: Brush Up on the Most Important Content The big-picture goal when studying for the ACT is the maximize your score gain for every hour spent studying. This means that the best strategy for success is to focus your time and energy on places you can make the easiest (and, therefore, quickest) improvements and areas where you can make the most improvement. So let's divide and conquer. Making Quick Improvements Each and every question on the ACT is worth one point. It doesn't matter if it was the easiest question on the test and took you all of three seconds to solve, or if it was the hardest question on the test and took three minutes- each question is worth the same amount of points as every other question. This means you should maximize your time and energy by picking up any points you're missing in the first half of the test (which, you'll remember, is the "easier" half of the test). This will net you a point increase in the shortest amount of time. So if you’re missing five or more questions in the 1-30 range, take a close look at each of your wrong answers. This is about 17% or more of the "easy" half of your test, so see if you can look at your errors and identify whether or not you’re missing these questions based on a lack of knowledge of the content. If so, it’s time to brush up on some of your algebra and numbers topics. If, however, you’ve taken a look at your errors list and seen that you're mostly missing questions in the later half of the test based on both difficulty and content, it’s time to more specifically hone your focus. Making the Most Improvement Let’s say you can organize your current mathematical knowledge into four categories: perfect understanding, good understanding, okay understanding, and no understanding. Because we're looking to now gain the most improvement from your time, the first step is to focus on improving your "okay" areas. These are areas you have some familiarity with, but aren't the strongest in, and just a quick refresher on the topic can gain you tremendous point value for your time. Our individual math topic guides will take you through the know-how on each and every ACT math topic you need to brush up on. In each, you'll gain a greater understanding of the topic in question as well as how you'll see it presented on the ACT, as well as get a chance to practice on real ACT math problems. After you've brought these "okay" topics up to speed, the next step is to look at improving your "no understanding" topics. These are areas where you have a current weak foundation and so will represent the greatest potential leap and improvement in your score. (Again, our math topic guides will help you improve your knowledge of each and every ACT math topic you'll see on the test.) Because this might be difficult to visualize right now, let's take a sample score breakdown of the test by topic. Let’s say that there were six questions each on four different topics- exponents, circles, lines and slopes, and trigonometry- and your score breakdown of correct answers looked like this: Exponent questions: 5 out of 6 Circle questions: 2 out of 6 Lines and slope questions: 4 out of 6 Trigonometry questions: 0 out of 6 If we classify each of these topics by your understanding, we would say that you had a â€Å"perfect† (or nearly perfect) understanding of exponents, â€Å"good† understanding of lines and slopes, an â€Å"okay† understanding of circles, and â€Å"no understanding† of trigonometry. Now that you've cataloged your scores, you know which topics to target your study focus on and in which order. To start with, the next step would be to focus and brush up on your â€Å"okay understanding† areas (in this case circles). Although rehashing your near-perfect knowledge might make you feel productive, it won’t actually help you all that much at this moment. Until you start getting â€Å"perfects† or nearly perfects in all topics across the board, it’s better to spend your study time on areas where you can make the greatest improvement. In this case, honing your knowledge of exponents would only gain you one more point out of 60. Your time can be better spent elsewhere. You may also be tempted to perfect those â€Å"good† understanding areas (in this case lines and slopes). But the difference between â€Å"good† understanding and â€Å"perfect† is likely to only be a question or two out of 60. In this case, you would get a maximum return of 2 points, which is not nothing, but you can spend the same amount of time studying circles and probably get a higher point return for that time. Again, only focus on getting your good scores up to perfect once you’ve brought up your scores on all your topics and you’re aiming for that perfect ACT math score. Now if you bring your â€Å"okay† areas up to almost perfect, you will likely be able to gain a significant point increase. In this case, if you spend your study time learning your circle material, you could potentially increase your score by 3 or 4 points. Once you’ve brushed up on your â€Å"okay† understanding areas, set your sights on those â€Å"no understanding† math topics. The reason these topics are in â€Å"no understanding† purgatory is likely because it is a topic that you dislike or that you haven’t studied much in school. But, despite this, even a little more understanding of the topic than you have now will likely gain you a few more points than you had before. In addition, bringing up your â€Å"okay† understanding and â€Å"no understanding† areas will allow you to use your imperfect- but still significant- knowledge of the ACT math topics in question to strategically eliminate answer choices. Even if you don’t actually know how to solve the problem, knowing a little more about the topic than you do now will give you a much better foundation to strategically eliminate answer options and guess for your right answer. Your study time is precious and limited, so distribute it wisely and use it to gain the most point return for your energy. An hour spent brushing up on unfamiliar topics will gain you a much more significant point increase than an hour spent brushing up on topics you already understand almost perfectly. Step 5: Develop Your Own Personal Timing Plan for the ACT Math Section One of the hardest aspects of the ACT math section is the fact that you must keep track of your pacing yourself. You are given 60 minutes and 60 questions to do with what you will, so taking too long on some questions will leave you with no time at all to solve others. And yet going too quickly through the test can lead you to make careless errors. Everyone's pacing and ability to solve questions on a time crunch will be different, and yours may even change from test to test as you get used to ACT questions and the pacing involved. So take the time as you study to develop your own personal timing structure and adapt it as you need to. A good plan to start with is to break the test into thirds and give yourself varying time limits for each section. So begin by giving yourself: 15 minutes for questions 1-20 20 minutes for questions 21-40 25 minutes for questions 41-60 Now this may not be the perfect timing structure for you, but it's a place to start. See how you need to adapt it to your own personal preferences by experimenting. And if you find that you're simply running short on time no matter what you try, check out our more specific advice on how to stop running out of time of the ACT math section. Step 6: Adapt Your Study Focus Based on Your Current and Target Scores As you go through your studies, we recommend that you take at least two to three practice tests, evenly distributed across your study time. So, if you have three months to prep, take a practice test about once a month. This will give you not only the chance to practice the best simulation of the real ACT possible, but will also show you how well and in which areas you’re improving. Your study plan will adapt based on your current scores, your score goals, and your rate of improvement. Current Score is 25 or Under If you’re currently scoring in the 25 or under range, your goal is to turn yourself into a â€Å"jack of all trades, master of none† type of mathematical warrior. If you already have a â€Å"perfect† understanding of any given math topic, great! If not, don’t worry about it right this second. Try your best to get yourself up to â€Å"okay† or even â€Å"good† understanding of each topic before you start mastering any particular one. As you go through your list of "okay" and "no understanding" topics to improve your knowledge of each, focus first on the topics that come earlier in the test, since most of the questions will be "easy" or "medium" difficulty.So if you have an "okay" understanding on both an algebra topic and a coordinate geometry topic, start by bringing up your knowledge of the algebra topic first. If your knowledge base in each topic is relatively similar, then always start by improving your algebra and numbers topics first, then turn to plane and coordinate geometry, and finally trigonometry. We have compiled all of our math guides by topic as well all the free ACT math practice you can find online. No matter where you're struggling, we'll help get you up to speed on where you need to be before test day. Current Score is 26 and Above Only once you start getting into the 26 and above range should you work on perfecting all of your math topic knowledge as much as possible. At this scoring level, you’ve probably already achieved at least a passing understanding of all the math topics on the test, so now is the time to master them to the best of your ability. Look to the types of questions and math topics you missed the most questions in and start by focusing your attention there. Again, areas in which you can make the greatest improvement will be the best focus of your time and energy. And just as you would in the 25 and under range, check out our math topic guides for definitions of each topic, ACT math strategies to solve the questions on each topic based on how you’ll see them on the ACT, and practice questions with answer explanations. Practice and more practice is the way to go when attempting to master an ACT math topic. Be sure to also test yourself against the most difficult math problemson the test to see where you currently stand against the toughest of the tough and where you can improve. Deep breaths, clear head. Though it may all seem overwhelming right now, you are entirely capable of mastering the ACT.(John Henderson/Flickr) The Take-Aways Understanding how the ACT math test is structured and how to use that knowledge to your best advantage while studying is a good chunk of the battle won already. The key to mastering the ACT math section is a combination of understanding and practice, and you’re well on your way already. Your study plan should always be a reflection of your current standing and your target goals, and should adapt as you make progress. Study smart and work with the structure of the test instead, and you’ll see improvements in your scores in no time. What’s Next? Stuck on your ACT math problems? Check out our guide to learn how to spot when you're going down the wrong path and how to correct the course. Stuck procrastinating? Learn how to turn your studying around and overcome your desire to procrastinate. Looking to get a perfect score on the ACT math section? Our guide (written by a perfect-scorer) will help you get those high scores you've been aiming for. Want to improve your ACT score by 4 points? Check out our best-in-class online ACT prep program. We guarantee your money back if you don't improve your ACT score by 4 points or more. Our program is entirely online, and it customizes what you study to your strengths and weaknesses. If you liked this Math lesson, you'll love our program.Along with more detailed lessons, you'll get thousands ofpractice problems organized by individual skills so you learn most effectively. We'll also give you a step-by-step program to follow so you'll never be confused about what to study next. Check out our 5-day free trial:

Support the argument that warfare in the Napoleonic era is Essay

Support the argument that warfare in the Napoleonic era is fundamentally similar to warfare as it practicted today - Essay Example Today, we look back to the Napoleonic era and we find a direct link in the military reforms and tactics that were used during the 1792-1815 French revolution having a direct impact on our very own military structures and organizations (Brian 46). France revolution was the of a monarch regime breaking loose and transforming into a nation founded on equality for all. This evidently was not an easy process as it meant doing away with monarchial rule, the nobles and breaking free from the church. It also meant that people would seize from being referred to as subjects, and embrace citizens as a title (Stewart 29). This was a task that had the rest of Europe at odds with France. Late 1791, the French King sought the help of other Europe rulers to aid in his reinstatement. This officially resulted in the emergence of the French revolution in April 1792; with the French new nation aiming at bring change through battle throughout Europe. Their first victory was marked in Belgium at the end o f 1792 (Paul 25). The French armies were now composed of talented men from all parts and class of France as with a nation structure, citizens were all equals unlike subjects who were greatly divided by the class system. This was one of the strengths of the French military as with such a tactic, it had more soldiers at its disposal than others (Brian 45). Moreover with a common goal, and the zeal to overcome whatever form of obstacles, the French military had a bond that was previously scarcely heard of in Europe, the ‘trust’ bond. Soldiers from France were able to with ease exploit tactical maneuvers hence breaking logistical constrains a factor that proved to be advantageous in battle and a contributor to their numerous successes in the fields (Stewart 29). War had been declared and the first coalition was formed by seven nations namely: United Provinces, Great Britain, Spain, Austria, and Prussia. This was at the beginning of 1793, marking the beginning of the 23years of struggle by France against these Nations. This is what created the need of an exceptional military leader who could face up to this challenge (Paul 25).The leadership of the French army was dynamic and strategic, especially since March 1796 when the great Napoleon Bonaparte took over the position of general. Napoleon was a brilliant soldier, a genius of sorts. He was a leader who could gather troops of up to 300,000 or more troops and maneuver them to success against their enemies as was the case in 1812 in Russia. The treaty of Campo Formio is an evidence of the organized and brilliance of Napoleon as a French army leader as it resulted from the defeat of Sardinian and Austrian forces back in Italy that led to French domination of the Belgium and Luxembourg then known as Austrian Netherlands. These two regions were the first additions of the now growing French Republic (Stewart 30). The French made organizational changes to their army that increased there lethality and sparked military reform in other states. Under the governance of Napoleon, greatness was curved for France and other states. Napoleon went by

Curriculum as process Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Curriculum as process - Assignment Example The main goal of this transformation was to help students understand democracy and all that it encompasses (Freedman, 2003). Furthermore, it would enable them to appreciate the unity in cultural diversity. Several methods can be used to develop and sustain a democratic curriculum. These include; teaching about conflicts and discussion of issues in open forums by students whereby interests of all individuals should be considered. It is also good to conceptualize curriculum as one process that is concerned with learning in classrooms and outside classroom. Sometimes, schools concentrate on learning in classroom ignoring co-curricular activities. This undermines art work, music and public speaking skills in students. A good curriculum is transparent and it values interactions out of school (Freedman, 2003). In this way, it leads to developing new knowledge and improving existing knowledge. It values diversity of teaching methods and flexibility of teachers. Teachers are able to use objects, drawings, videos, nature walks, park visits and photographs to teach instead of using course books only. Five questions that can be used for discussion of the chapter are; what is the importance of a democratic curriculum? Is it important to teach cultural diversity? What are the pertinent issues surrounding visual culture? Who enhances knowledge construction among students? Should students be involved in designing