How to Make Spanish Rice

How to Make Spanish Rice Making Spanish rice is a fairly fast and easy process. It involves browning the rice, adding the ingredients, and cooking the rice. Before you begin you will need the following ingredients: cooking oil (vegetable or canola), long grain rice (I prefer Mahatma Jasmine), a tomato, an onion, water, and tomato bullion. The following seasonings are optional: Sazon Goya con azafran, Sazon Goya con culantro/achiote. found on Mexican food aisle at most grocery stores)You will also need a two quart sauce pan with a lid (a larger pan may be used, but the rice will cook faster, therefore the cooking time will vary), a large spoon, and a gas or electric stove top. You need to take caution not to brown the rice too fast. If you cook the Spanish rice according to the following process, the rice will be soft and moist, with no standing liquid in the pan. First you will need to brown the rice.In order to do this, you will need to add a half cup of cooking oil to a two quart s auce pan (a larger pan will work, but the rice will have more room to cook, therefore it will cook faster and take less time). Next, pre-heat the oil on medium heat for about two minutes. Then add two cups of long grain rice to the pre-heated oil. (I prefer Mahatma Jasmine long grain rice because it cooks fluffier and it looks better) Continue to cook the rice on medium heat, stirring often with a large spoon. While the rice is browning, chop a small tomato and half of a medium onion.When the rice starts to brown, you will need to stir the rice more frequently. The rice will burn if you fail to stir it often or have the heat too high. The rice will be a golden brown color when it is ready for the next process. Browning the rice usually takes about fifteen minutes. The second process is adding the ingredients. First, stir in the chopped onions and tomatoes. Then add five and a half cups of water and stir. Let the water heat, but not to boiling. When the water appears hot, add five te aspoons of Knorr tomato bullion.Then add two packets of each: Sazon Goya con azafran (orange/yellow box), Sazon Goya con culantro/achiote (two tone orange box). (This can be found on the Mexican aisle at most grocery stores. The Sazon Goya is optional. I use it because it gives the rice a little more color and I think a better flavor). Stir the mixture until the seasonings are well dissolved. Place the lid on the rice. You should then reduce the heat at this point to medium/low. The final step in cooking the Spanish rice doesn’t take long. I think it is the fastest process of the three.I usually let the rice cook for about thirteen-eighteen minutes. I do not stir the rice at all during this final step. I open the lid every few minutes to make sure the rice is not cooking too fast. You should see liquid for at least the first eight minutes or so. When you do not stir the rice, it appears fluffier and not so mushy looking. The Spanish rice will be ready when you no longer see s tanding liquid in the pan. You can carefully insert the large spoon down to the bottom of the pan of Spanish rice (without stirring) to make sure the rice is not cooking too fast and to see if the rice is ready.The rice will be soft when it is ready. Keep the lid on the pan until you are ready to serve it. If you have followed the previous steps of this process correctly, your Spanish rice will be fluffy and soft. If you browned the rice too fast, it will be hard and will not fully cook as it should. The rice will also have a burnt taste. In the event this happens, reduce the heat while you are browning the rice or stir more frequently the next time you make Spanish rice.If the Spanish rice is too dry or hard, it may be possible you had your heat to high after adding the ingredients. The next time you should cook it on a lower heat, or add a little more water. You may take into consideration that some stoves may vary. This process was done with an electric stove. You can make little tweaks in this process if you find it necessary. You can reduce the heat if the rice appears to cook to fast. The rice seldom ever cooks too slowly. If it cooks too slowly, it will usually just take a little longer to cook.

The Adventure – creative writing

It was an adventure I'll never forget and it changed me forever. It was the summer between my junior and senior year. I had made an outrageous decision to relinquish my employment and pursue my sailing dreams. I had sailed on a catamaran, a sailboat whose frame is set on two parallel hulls, for nearly five years but only recently had begun to compete at regattas. This was to be my last summer as an innocent child and I looked forward to all the great adventures to come. CatFight II was to be the largest and the farthest catamaran race I was to attend that summer. I planned all summer and spent hours getting the boat and trailer in perfect condition. My friend, Joel, was to accompany me to the regatta. It was held in Muskegon, Michigan, and it would take over eight hours to drive there. We would leave Thursday night and drive through the night. I was very excited because all the sailors had said that CatFight would be, if nothing else, a great learning experience. Thursday I spent all day getting gear packed and preparing for the eight-hour drive. We left a little later than planned, around eleven, but at least we were on the road. We planned to drive in shift although I feared Joel's driving ability, especially with a twenty-foot boat attached to the car, so I did my best to stay alert. Cleveland was our first detour. We seemed to have gotten off the freeway a little earlier than expected and took a scenic tour of southeast Cleveland. The view was a bit frightening, though there were many businesses, but most were gun-stores and liquor stores. Eventually we wandered back to I-90 and then off to the toll road for a quick journey to Toledo. The drive between Toledo and Cleveland was boring but I was too excited to feel fatigued. We passed through Toledo at about two o'clock A. M. Once in Michigan the drive seemed to go quickly. It was only a few short hours to Detroit, then a seemingly extremely long drive across Michigan to Muskegon, located on mid-eastern Lake Michigan. After driving through Detroit I drew weary and Joel soon took over. Joel hadn't slept during the drive to Detroit, which worried me, but I soon was asleep in the passenger seat. When I awoke we were in Muskegon and the sun was rising. We passed mansion after mansion and soon were at the gates of the sailing club. Sailors were already eating breakfast and preparing their boats. I can distinctly remember the fragrance of the lake it was like nothing I've ever smelled. It was a pure delightful aroma, which was quickly replaced by the musty smell of Joel and I. We had spent an entire night in a car and were not smelling too appeasing. Once in the parking lot we began the normal procedure setting up to race. The sailors were very friendly and helpful. The time seemed to pass so quickly it seemed like minutes and the racing for the day was already over. After the races of the first day we were exhausted. Neither of us had gotten over an hour of sleep in 36 hours. We pulled the boat to shore, took down the sails and dove into bed. It was fairly early in the day only about three P. M. the cookout and party were just beginning but we were too tired to even notice. It wasn't until the next morning we awoke. We grabbed a quick breakfast and immediately were back on the lake. After the races we hung around for the party afterward. Sailors were telling stories of horrendous seas and other unbelievable tales. There was a wide range of people there from all over the world sailors came from as far as Australia and brought with them delightful tales from â€Å"down under†. The third and last day of the regatta was the quickest. Everyone was anxious to return home. The races were fast as always and afterward people sat around and exchanged stories and tips. All ninety boats were disassembled and put onto trailers where people from all over the nation would be returning home. It was a peaceful feeling to know that we sailed against the best in the nation and even beat a few of the best in the nation. Before we left I captured a few last pictures and then we began the last leg of the trip. The journey home was not as exciting because the anticipation was gone. We knew that once we returned we would once again start another school year. It was more disappointing than anything else. As we entered Ohio the scenery distinctively changed and once near Ashtabula it seemed we had entered the wilderness. Back to the old routine, it was frightening. The regatta was fun and we learned a lot from the elder sailors but most importantly that life is about the experiences and stories. Returning home was disappointing but I guess we have to return home because without home to return to then our journey is endless.

The origins and objectives of the Taliban's domestic policies while in Essay

The origins and objectives of the Taliban's domestic policies while in power in Afghanistan - Essay Example It can sometimes be understood to mean objections to western ideas, coupled with anti-American sentiments. A history of the Taliban in Afghanistan shall first be presented, along with a discussion of their rise to power in Afghanistan. Taliban’s ideologies on anti-modernism shall also be discussed, including the origins and objectives of these domestic policies in Afghanistan. Details on its anti-modernist goals and activities shall also be detailed in this discussion. The Taliban is an Islamic extremist group which took over Afghanistan’s government in 1996 until they were driven out by American forces in 2001 (Marsden, 2002, p. 124). This group has been considered a safe haven to the al-Qaeda terrorist group, assisting leader Osama bin Laden in his terrorist activities. This group has also set forth a rigid stance on Islamic Law while executing criminals and outlawing the education of women (Nolan, 2006, p. 19). The group has been out of Afghanistan for many years now, however it is still considered an influential group in Afghanistan, implementing policies which seek to undermine the US-supported government. Pakistan’s support for the group has limited the international efforts towards controlling these insurgents and ending their activities in Afghanistan (Nolan, 2006, p. 19). The US will eventually fully withdraw from the country by 2014 and since 2010, the US and Afghani government officials have been carrying out discussions o n conflict settlement. However, these talks have not sufficiently settled the Taliban issue in Afghanistan. The Afghan Mujahideen were associated with a group of tribal fighters whose only purpose or goal was to eliminate the Soviets, not so much to establish insurgent activities. The Mujahideen is considered a group of Afghans fighting against the PDPA and the Soviet troops; this group believed that they were involved in a holy war or a

Economic Article Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Economic Article Analysis - Essay Example Formerly, most of the economic analysts opined that crude oil stock might fall by 600,000 barrels over the last week of August 2009. But eventually it dropped by 200,000 barrels less than the expected level1. In a sharp contrast the gasoline inventories experienced an alarming decline of 3 million barrels. However the recession ridden US economy, which were experiencing a falling fuel demand over the past one-year, breathed a shy of relief in terms of a marginal increase for the same. It is obvious when crude oil stock fell to a less than expected level and gasoline stock fell to a more than expected standard, therefore in reverse terms, crude oil draw would be less than that of gasoline. This fact has been rightly pointed out by Phil Flynn, analyst for PFGBest Research in Chicago, the Energy Information Administration (EIA). He further observed that a bullish demand for gasoline neutralizes a bearish crude oil demand. We have observed over the last one-year what immense effect a fal l in effective demand for a commodity can have on its price level. For instance, in less than 6 months (from July 2008 to December, 2008) crude oil price experienced almost 78 percent drop. Thoughtfully an expected fight back of the economy from the abyss of recession perhaps generated some kind of positive demand boost for fuel in general (although slower than expected)2 and thereafter (December, 2008 onwards) might have made some positive price adjustments. The relation between recession and dampening price of fuel might be logically illustrated as follows – recession implies declining production, falling economic activities, that is, industrial, tertiary and primary sector related activities. All these activities use fuel as a source of energy and decline in such activities leads to decline in fuel consumption, resulting in less demand and hence fall in price3. However on one

Describe both the general and specific social conditions that existed Essay

Describe both the general and specific social conditions that existed for Nat Turner in Southampton County, Virginia, in the 1830s - Essay Example It is also important to consider whether or not the actions of Nat Turner were warranted or not. The aforementioned issues are what would be succinctly discussed in this paper. It was actually the horrors of the American slavery during the nineteenth century that triggered the rebellion of Nat Turner and his cohorts. It was the anguish that was caused by the alarming increase in the death of African Americans and the annihilation of slave families that triggered the actions of Nat Turner and his followers into conducting what could be described as a rather violent revolt. However, Nat Turner was regarded as a religious fanatic and this could also have precipitated his violent actions in the revolt against the white slave owners. It was due to Nat Turner’s religious zealousness that he was not apologetic in his confession when he was tried in a court in Southampton County (Oates 176-178). killing of his master and his family was unwarranted in any way. The manner at which Nat Turner conducted his rebellion gives one the impression that he was violent in nature. Nat Turner and his accomplices slaughtered defenseless women, children and babies during the revolt (Oates 101-104). It was due to Nat Turner’s rather careless approach to the issue of slavery that thwarted the abolishment of slavery in the South and made the movement to abolish slavery to lose its grounds in the South. It was after Nat Turner’s revolt that white legislatures from the South imposed austere laws on slaves in the South. It was due to the violent nature of Nat Turner’s led rebellion that it is described as one of the most bloody revolt in the history of the United States of America, a situation that led to the death of about seventy whites and over two hundred blacks. One would be forced to ask, what did Nat Turner gain from this rebellion? If the blacks he sought to free wer e actually massacred more than the white oppressors as the case may be (Oates). Thus, the legacy of Nat

CCNA SECURITY CASE STUDY Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

CCNA SECURITY CASE STUDY - Essay Example The proposed network security policy as stated below specifically addresses access rights the minimum requirements for hardware buildup and the parameters and basis for audit and review. The Network Security Policy shall guide the access rights policy and set the parameters for the information security audit and review policy. The login policy including the password policy shall also be guided by the Network Security Policy (Whitman and Mattord). This paper shall also draft a procedure that will be responsive to the requirement of the Network Security Policy. The procedure will not only provide a detailed implementation of a specific intent of the policy it will also guide the operation and mechanism of the policy when implemented (Whitman and Mattord). Please note that the policies and procedures detailed in this paper is only recommendatory for the consideration and approval of the management of CMS. 2. Table of Contents 1.Summary 2 2.Table of Contents 3 3.Network Security Policy 4 I.Policy Declaration 4 II.Objective 4 III.Scope 4 IV.Definition and Abbreviations 5 V.Responsibilities 5 VI.General Requirements 7 V. Related Procedures 10 VI. Enforcement 10 4.Router Configuration Procedure 11 I.Purpose 11 II.Standard 12 III.Procedure 13 IV.Records Generated 14 5.Switch Configuration Procedure 14 I.Purpose 14 II.Procedure 14 A.Create and Administrative User 15 B.Storm Control 15 C.Protection against STP attacks 15 D.Port Security/Disabling unused ports 15 III.Useful Resources 15 3. Network Security Policy I. Policy Declaration CMS is in the business of providing health care services in line with its fiduciary and legal obligation this policy shall protect the privacy of its clients and employees by protecting the confidentiality, integrity and availability of all records, data, information entrusted to it. II. Objective The purpose of this policy is to outline the Network Security at CMS to be followed to ensure the confidentiality, availability and integrity for the purpose of protecting CMS, its client and employees. Inappropriate implementation exposes CMS to risks including virus attacks, compromise of network systems and services, and legal issues. III. Scope This policy applies to the whole CMS-Systems related Infrastructure and Equipments employees and customers. To achieve this goal, the following are required for implementation: Establish company-wide policies to protect the CMS networks and computer systems from abuse and inappropriate use. Establish mechanisms that will aid in the identification and prevention of abuse of networks and computer systems. Establish mechanisms that will limit the access and authorization of CMS personnel to information assets that balances role and job requirements and information security requirements. Establish mechanisms that will protect the reputation of the Company and will allow it to satisfy its legal and ethical responsibilities with regard to its networks and computer systems’ connect ivity to the worldwide Internet. Establish mechanisms that will support the goals of other existing policies. IV. Definition and Abbreviations Network resources - includes any networks connected to the CMS backbone, any devices attached to these networks and any services made

Hamlet film questionnaire Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Hamlet film questionnaire - Essay Example 3. The first time we see Prince Hamlet, where is he and what is he doing How does Branagh as a director deal with many of the asides How is Hamlet's first line handled How does this affect our interpretation of that line First time we see Hamlet, he is in the castle, in front of his father's statue wearing a mourning dress .He is speaking to himself .its the first soliloquy of the movie .As both actor and director, he plays the soliloquy not as a reverie but as a moral debate on how to be in the world .the first line is handled in a very poignant way and from the very onset we are given a glimpse of how disgusted and depressed Hamlet is about his father's death. He is so anguished that he himself wants to die. 4. When Ophelia gives the "remembrances" back to Hamlet, there is a critical moment when Hamlet begins to get violent with her. What happens to set him off (NOTE: This happens in the film but is not noted in the stage direction of the play.) 5. There are a few times when the dialogue of the primary character becomes a voice-over and we flash to the scene the character was initially describing. The first example of this is the Ghost's description of his murder to his son, Hamlet.

I will upload the file Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

I will upload the file - Essay Example The orientation program will be conducted on all new employees upon arrival at the company. The orientation program covers a presentation on the company history, the mission statement, vision statement and goals. The program will also include a recruitment process, in which the employee learns about the scope of their new jobs, their personal responsibilities and rights. Another aspect of the orientation program is to familiarize the new employee with the organizational structure and the chain of command. The program will also include a visit to all the departments so that the employee can learn about their interdependence. After going through the orientation program, the employee is bound to be more comfortable working in the company. According to McDonald & Hite, training forms an integral part of any career development system since it lays the foundation for good performance within an organization (420). At Superior Roses, both new and current employees will undergo intensive training in their areas of specialization. As for the new employees, training will come right after the orientation process. As soon as the new employee settles in their specific department, then the department members under instruction from the departmental manager will guide the employee on how to go about their duties. For example, an employee joining the sales department will be trained on how to book customer orders, how to prepare order forms, and how to ensure proper shipment of flowers. The employee will also be trained on how to ensure proper coordination of activities in all departments to guarantee customer satisfaction. For those employees who have worked longer in the company, training will also be conducted to ensure that they keep up with variations in the industry. For example, the people within the production department, which basically deals with the production of flowers, will require frequent training on the effects of weather change on flower quality. Most

Retail Industry Comparison of China and United States Essay

Retail Industry Comparison of China and United States - Essay Example Retailing has advanced with technology and now we have what we call online retailing as well. There are different types of retail outlets. They are classified according to the products they sell and by marketing strategies. There are the types that do not fall in the two and are classified as others. Retailers of products are food products retailers, hard goods retailers and soft goods retailers. Retailers classified by marketing strategies are the most. They include, department stores, discount store, warehouse stores, variety stores, demographic retailers, Mom-And-Pop retailers, specialty stores, boutiques, general store, hypermarkets, supermarkets, malls, Category specialist, e-tailers, and vending machines. Automated retail stores and big box stores fall in the others category (Pradhan & Pradhan, 2009). Retail Industry in China China’s retail industry is now ranked as the second largest in the world after the USA. The chain stores and Chain supermarkets serving the daily n eeds of the people appeared in china in around a decade ago and they rapidly grew to the extent of being the second largest retail market worldwide. However, there is no dominant player in the retail industry despite its rapid growth, unlike the USA that has dominant players like Wal-Mart and others. Its rapid growth can be owed to the government of China in 1992. The government launched a series of policies to promote fast, orderly and healthy growth of the industry. One of the policies was permitting foreign investment in retailing. The government of China, by 1997, had approved about twenty-four foreign-invested stores. Hundreds of foreign-invested retailing, however, had been established before then after seeking approval from the provincial and municipal authorities (Zhen, 2007). The retailing sector of China is highly fragmented accommodating both medium sized and small retailers. This is different with the United States that have a dominating presence of big retailers. This i s because of the barriers local market access. China does however brag of a wide range of retail formats. Department stores are one of the earliest formats of retail outlets. They were very popular before but they are now facing competition and fighting to stay ahead. Examples of department stores in China are Parkson, Beijing Cuiwei, Golden Eagle, and Shenzhen Suibao. Another retail outlet format is the hypermarkets whose development are owed to the international retailers. Wal-Mart, Mart Shanghai, Trust-Mart, Tesco, and Carrefour are examples of hypermarkets. Supermarkets are another retail outlet that is facing competition. Domestic players dominate this highly fragmented market. Examples of supermarkets in china are Baijia Supermarket and A-Best Supermarket. Convenience stores are not fully developed retailers but are already facing competition from especially from domestic chains. Quick of LianHua is an example of convenience store in China. Specialty stores are retail outlets dominated by domestic players with foreign investment being very limited. Examples are GOME and Suning. Discount stores are still evolving and the first one was introduced in 2003 by Carrefour. Franchising retailing constitutes for around three percent of the total retail market of china with a huge potential for growth in the future. Examples are Pizza Hut, MacDonald’s, KFC, and 7-eleven. Direct selling is another retailing format of china. Its potential for future growth is large. Examples of direct selling retailers are AMWAY, Avon,

Rresearch proposal Essay Example for Free

Rresearch proposal Essay According to Karen A. Matthews, Ph. D (2009), people who are engaged in multiple enjoyable activities are better off physically and psychologically .This statement of Karen A.Matthews is indirectly stating that one must not frustrate himself working too much .There is a need to enjoy and relax in order to become a better person . Students who are dedicated on their studies spend a lot of time thinking about their studies, doing their assignments and constructing their projects. They focus almost all of their time in doing academic stuff in order for them to step up and achieve their goals as students. These kind of students are the students that are in demand for different scholarship programs. These are the students of International Maritime Employers’ Council (IMEC), an organization which is dedicated to maritime industry ,have . The International Maritime Employers’ Council (IMEC) aims to promote physically, mentally, emotionally, socially and spiritually developed cadets through the IMEC Cadetship Programme in partnership with the University of Cebu–Maritime Education and Training Center (UC-METC). The IMEC Cadets are provided with all their needs from board and lodge, food, uniform, tuition and recreational facilities. The IMEC cadets have their own recreational or leisure room that can be used during free times. They spend their leisure time in different activities .They play board games and ball game or watch television .They have the freedom to choose whether if they are going to play or rest . Different types of activities may produce an impact to the academic performance of the IMEC Cadets .It may be desirable or undesirable effects. The proponents chose to do the study for the reason that in doing so; hopefully, it will help the proponents to leisure activities and academic performance of The International Maritime Employers’Council (IMEC) Cadets. This study of leisure activities and academic performance of The International Maritime Employers’ Council (IMEC) Cadets will hopefully become a medium to open up new ideas to improve the status of the IMEC Cadets, IMEC Administrators, Instructors and the society. This study will provide answers that cannot be stated through surface analysis, but by providing valid information and data that will show the correlativity of leisure activities and academic performance of IMEC Cadets. Theoretical Background Compensatory Theory of Leisure (Burch, 1994).The main idea of the compensatory theory is that â€Å"work is seen as the dominant force in life, and leisure is seen compensating for either the boredom or the excitement of the job.† (Bammel Bammel, 1992) This theory can explain some of the leisure behavior seen in modern society. For example people exciting jobs often seek relaxation after work. It seems from that mostly people with an extreme level of either boredom or excitement in their job fall under this theory. This indicates that this approach has some relevance for modern society. On the other hand, this theory cannot explain why the school teacher becomes a sports trainer in his free time or why a dentist is also a passionate watchmaker. ( Haecker, 2002) The compensatory hypothesis suggests that whenever the individual is given the opportunity to avoid his regular routine, he will seek a directly opposite leisure activity such as music, art, community involvement, and physical fitness for relaxation, broadening of knowledge, and spontaneous social participation. (Burch, 1994) Spillover Theory of Leisure (Wilensky, 1996). Spillover Theory is the antithesis to the compensatory theory. It states leisure somehow parallels or results from work activity. It suggests that work has a strong impact on the worker’s personality and therefore also determines his leisure behavior. This means that a teacher gets used to teaching so much that he cannot help continuing it after work. ( Haecker, 2002) These last two theories equal Kelly’s approach to leisure as contextual, which sees leisure embedded in habits, relationships and social arrangements like work. (Kelly, 2000) This theory, too, explains some parts of modern leisure behavior. A lot of people do things similar to their work in their free time, some even regard their work leisure. But like the compensatory theory it can only explain parts of modern leisure behavior. There seem to be more variables involved. (Haecker, 2002).More positively, the worker may enjoy work so much that its basic themes are repeated in leisure pastimes. For example, a student who enjoys long hours of reading books also has a hobby of collecting books or other reading paraphernalia that may lead to discovery of more knowledge which can improve his rational skills and academic performance. Moreover, for student populations, participation in leisure activities is also believed to be a benign mechanism for fighting social ills such as drug abuse, juvenile delinquency, and other deviant behaviour (Vicary, Smith, Caldwell, Swisher, 1998). Another positive effect of participation in leisure includes the broadening of an individual’s perspective on the world of work (Munson Savickas, 1998). Munson (1993) conducted a survey of 251 American youths and found that the stronger the perceived freedom in leisure, the higher the leisure participation, conviction, and value. Moreover, the higher the perceived freedom, the less likely that participation in activities would be restricted by exogenous factors. More importantly, investigations by Munson and Widmer (1997) and Munson and Savickas (1998) indicate that significant relation-ships exist among thinking and contemplating, ethical leisure behaviour, and occupational identity; that is, the more those students involve themselves in intellectual and creative leisure activities, the better they advance in occupational identity development with clear career goals. In an environment immersed with pragmatism, leisure activities have traditionally been treated as a residual issue in the cultivation of students, while the idea that leisure and career roles reciprocally influence each other (Super, 1984) is generally neglected. Fitzgerald, Joseph, Hayes, and O’Regan (1995) suggest that an understanding of youth and young adults’ leisure activities and interests can help further our knowledge of their individual needs, development, and social world. Self-development Theory (Dumazedier, 1992).This is based on Dumazedier ´s tripartite theory of leisure, consisting of three functions of leisure: relaxation, entertainment, and personal development. He supposes that there will be a time when personal growth, not working for a living, will be life’s primary motivator. Here, relaxation is a prerequisite for leisure, as we need to overcome fatigue, entertainment is the diversion aspect of leisure, and finally personal development is the enduring component of leisure (Bammel Bammel, 1992). Bammel and Bammel state that this approach has found its way into modern society, as most people regard work less important than personal growth. More and more workers make use of the possibility of sabbaticals for self-development, and for many young students not the money they will earn with their future job, but the satisfaction they hope to find there, seems to be the major influence on the choice of study. But even though modern people have more free time than ever before, Bammel Bammel state, â€Å"with additional free time, many workers simply increase their television-watching time†. This means that most people will only realize the first two steps of Dumazedier ´s tripartite theory: relaxation and entertainment. For many people this is what leisure means: easy entertainment. To achieve self-development some reflection and â€Å"work† on oneself is necessary, and this does not fit into a lot of people’s perceiving of leisure. Similar from conservative- Marxist perspective, Dumazadier (1974 cited in Rojek 1995) defines leisure as time orientated towards self-fulfilment as an ultimate end. However, this leisure time is granted to the individual by society, when they have complied with his occupational, family, socio-spiritual and socio-political obligations, which makes leisure a necessary element of social order as an opportunity for free time activities contribute to well-being of individual and society. Furthermore, Kaplan (1984 cited in Rojek 1995) claims that the leisure is the primary value of mankind in industrial society as it is â€Å"a relatively self-determined activity experience that falls into economically free-time roles ; that is psychologically pleasant in anticipation and recollection; that potentially covers the whole range of commitment and intensity; that contains characteristic norms and constraints; and that provides opportunities for recreation, personal growth and service to others † (Kaplan 1975 cited in Rojek 1995). (Zurawik, 2012) Perspectives on Leisure `Leisure is defined as freedom from paid labour or as a voluntary behavior (Rojek 2005). Developing this concept, Mannell and Kleiber(1997) state that leisure is commonly characterised as an activity in time free from obligations, which provides meaningful and satisfying experience identified with freedom, choice and life satisfaction. In 1974, John Neulineger created a model classification of the perceived freedom and fundamental motivation dimensions. Neulinger identified a criterion of leisure as a perceived freedom- a state in which a person feels that what they are doing is done by choice and because they want to do it (Neulinger, 1981 cited in Mannell, Kleiber 1997:126). He also distinguished between intrinsic- rewards coming from engaging in activity itself, which can be explained by self –determination theory; and extrinsic motivation- engagement in activity leads to other rewards (money, grades). According to Neulinger’s typology when activity is freely chosen for intrinsic reasons it is called a pure leisure. At the opposite extreme there is activity least leisure like – pure job. Neulinger’s pure job also known as Godbey’s anti-leisure is â€Å"an activity which is undertaken compulsively, as a means to an end, from a perception of necessity, with high degree of externally imposed constrains, with considerable anxiety, with high degree of time-consciousness, with minimum of personal autonomy, and which avoids self- actualization, authentication and finitude† (Neulinger 1989 cited in Rojek 1995). Following this socio- psychological perspective, Kaplan (1960 cited in Rojek, 2005 p. 80) identified seven essential elements of pure leisure experience: psychological recognition of activity which is antithesis of work, identification of leisure with pleasure, minimum involuntary role obligation, psychological perception of freedom, inclusion of an entire range of responses from inconsequence and insignificance to weightiness and importance, general psychological recognition of play, identification of activity as being close to the values of culture. (Zurawik, 2012) Review of Related Literature This part presents the literatures that have bearing on the concerns of the study. A number of pieces of literature, documents, pamphlets, handouts, unpublished theses were perused and analyzed to provide the necessary framework of this study. Ideas, insights, theories, conclusions and recommendations advanced by these papers were cited as authorities of the study. Related Studies The study of Hickerson, Benjamin D. and Beggs, Brent A. (1992), about Leisure time boredom: issues concerning college students, examined the impact of boredom on leisure of college students in relation to gender, level of education, and activity choice. Subjects at a Midwestern university completed the Leisure Boredom Scale and a modified version of the Leisure Activities Blank. No significant differences were found between overall levels of leisure boredom and the three independent variables. However, examinations of individual Leisure Boredom Scale items indicated specific differences. Hultsman, 1993).For many young adults, the college years are a period of expanding freedoms and focusing interests (Gitelson Thomason, 1992). College is seen as the last stage of formal education for most people and it is also one of the last structured opportunities for individuals to form leisure time behavior patterns before they move into the workforce (Cheng et al., 2004). The college environment has a unique influence on leisure behavior, including different patterns of free time availability and the acquisition of new activities. Leisure participation in college students has long-term ramifications as it molds attitudes and behaviors leading to continued recreation participation in later life (Gordon Catalbiano, 1996). Students who do not have leisure skills, cannot manage leisure time, or are not aware that leisure can be psychologically rewarding are more likely to be bored during leisure (Hickerson, et al., 2007). The study of American Journal of Health Studies Publisher (2000) investigated the interrelationship among academic stress, anxiety, time management, and leisure satisfaction among 249 university undergraduates by age and gender. Time management behaviors had a greater buffering effect on academic stress than leisure satisfaction activities. Freshmen and sophomore students had higher reactions to stress than juniors and seniors. Anxiety, time management, and leisure satisfaction were all predictors of academic stress in the multivariate analysis. Anxiety reduction and time management in conjunction with leisure activities may be an effective strategy for reducing academic stress in college students. A disturbing trend in college student health is the reported increase in student stress nationwide (Sax, 1997). Stressors affecting students can be categorized as academic, financial, time or health related, and self-imposed (Goodman, 1993; LeRoy, 1988). Academic stressors include the students perception of the extensive knowledge base required and the perception of an inadequate time to develop it (Carveth, Gesse, Moss, 1996). Students report experiencing academic stress at predictable times each semester with the greatest sources of academic stress resulting from taking and studying for exams, grade competition, and the large amount of content to master in a small amount of time (Abouserie, 1994; Archer Lamnin, 1985; Britton Tesser, 1991; Kohn Frazer, 1986). When stress is perceived negatively or becomes excessive, students experience physical and psychological impairment (Murphy Archer, 1996). Methods to reduce stress by students often include effective time management, social support, positive reappraisal, and engagement in leisure pursuits (Blake Vandiver, 1988; Mattlin, Wethington, Kessler, 1990). Leisure satisfaction is defined as the positive feeling of contentment one perceives as a result of meeting personal needs through leisure activities (Seigenthaler, 1997). Although relationships among some leisure domains and perceived stress have been studied in a variety of settings involving retirees to school-related settings (Kabanoff OBrian, 1986; Kaufman, 1988; Pickens Kiess, 1988; Ragheb McKinney, 1993; Tice Baumeister, 1997), relationships between leisure satisfaction and academic stress of college students have not been addressed directly. The only scientific research that specifically related leisure satisfaction to academic stress was that of Ragheb and McKinney (1993), who established a negative association between academic stress and leisure satisfaction. A limitation of this study, however, was that it measured academic stress using seven items that were extracted inclusively from occupational stress inventories (Misra, 2000). The above literature suggests that the tendency to structure ones time and leisure satisfaction may be an important factor in reducing academic stress. The purpose of this study was to examine the interrelationship (and predictors) of college students academic stress with anxiety, time management, and leisure satisfaction. It was hypothesized that academic stress would show a significant positive correlation with anxiety, and a significant negative correlation with self-reported time management behaviors and leisure satisfaction of college students. A person engaging more frequently in time management behaviors will report fewer physical and psychological symptoms of stress. The greater satisfaction with leisure that students indicate the lower their perceived academic stress will be (Misra, 2000). The Journal Expanding Opportunities for Young People and Communities explains that young people’s discretionary time is worth a significant amount of attention, partly because it is a potential breeding ground for youth problems, but mainly because it presents endless possibilities for constructive development. It is critical that a positive vision of leisure time activities be put forward and defined, and that time and care be given to specifying how such time should be used and why it should be protected (World Youth Report, 2003). International plans and commitments such as the Dakar Youth Empowerment Strategy offer such a positive vision, taking a clear stand against severe infringements on young people’s right to free time. Most have their source in the promise of the Convention on the Rights of the Child, amplifying, reiterating and expanding on the following basic provisions of article 31:1. States Parties recognize the right of the child to rest and leisure, toengage in play and recreational activities appropriate to the age ofthe child and to participate freely in cultural life and the arts. 2. States Parties shall respect and promote the right of the child toparticipate fully in cultural and artistic life and shall encourage theprovision of appropriate and equal opportunities for cultural, artistic, recreational and leisure activity (World Youth Report, 2003). Echoing these international commitments, a developing body of research—and a growing choir of advocates and practitioners—emphasize the importance of play and recreation for younger children. Leaders in child development have long identified play as critical space for children’s cognitive, identity, and social/emotional development (World Youth Report, 2003). Research indicates that the specific types of thinking and problem solving involved in play provide valuable skills for the future. Researchers, therapists, and childcare practitioners have made play a central element of their work with children, with demonstrated impact. While the nature of â€Å"play† may change as (especially Western) young people get older—with increases in peer leisure and time spent talking for some and in structured recreational and sports activities for others—it appears to be no less critical to adolescents than to younger children. Though the precise effects are not certain, time spent informally with peers and adults in activities such as talking and playing is likely to result in both stronger social networks and stronger social skills for adulthood (World Youth Report, 2003). The physical exercise and habits associated with sports and recreation, again in concert with the social skills and relationships gained through such activities, constitute an important input to young people’s health. Adolescents’ play and recreation, though defined differently in cultures around the world, has intrinsic value (World Youth Report, 2003). The shift from a negative view of leisure to a positive vision that emphasizes the value of leisure in its own right is a critical first step towards protecting young people’s right to discretionary time and to quality leisure activities. This message is important for developing and least developed countries, where economic pressures often propel young people into the labour force at an early age; it is equally important for highly industrialized countries concerned about improving academic performance (World Youth Report, 2003). Around the world, the amount of time young people spend in work has decreased, replaced by a larger amount of time in school. In the developing countries, school generally occupies a relatively small amount of young people’s time. In much of Asia, however, the combination of a longer school day, an expansive network of non-school academic enrichment programmes (many geared towards test preparation), and more time dedicated to homework means that up to half of young people’s time is spent in academic pursuits. In developed countries, frustration with educational reform efforts and continued pressure for academic achievement has resulted in an explosion of academic after-school programmes (World Youth Report, 2003). At the heart of this international phenomenon is an important fact: young people’s learning need not—and does not—stop at the end of the school day. Their leisure time provides a rich opportunity for learning and a particularly rich climate in which to facilitate the development of lifelong learners. Pushing for more â€Å"time on task†, many programmes simply replicate the teaching practices used during the school day and extend them into young people’s leisure time, despite growing evidence that â€Å"more of the same† is both unproductive and developmentally dangerous (World Youth Report, 2003). Research supervised by Deborah Vandell(2003) shows that young people in Thailand who were involved in high-yield arts and cultural activities that had reading, writing and mathematics as the â€Å"hidden curriculum† rather than the lead curriculum not only performed better on State tests than those enrolled in strict content-drill programmes, but were also emotionally healthier. This study speaks to a tension that is developing, at least in the United States, challenging the belief that academic outcomes are best bolstered by the application of formal school-derived practices during out-of-school hours (Vandell, 2003). Based on research findings such as these, there is growing recognition that learning during leisure hours cannot appear identical to that inside of schools and, equally important, an increased willingness to describe learning as a primary goal for leisure-time activities. The ideas of â€Å"serious leisure† and â€Å"leisure education† put forward by World Leisure in its Charter for Leisure and other documents imply a set of principles, professional standards, practices and pedagogical orientations that are distinct from but complementary to what goes on in formal education settings (World Youth Report, 2003). The model of learning put forward by J. Falk and L. Dierking goes further in specifying the contextual, personal and social factors in place when young people participate in learning that is volitional, recreational, and engaged in as a form of self-fulfillment. Falk’s and Dierking’s framework for freechoice learning, developed through investigation focusing largely on museums, is one of a number of research-and-practice efforts to underscore the unique nature of learning that happens during leisure. Other efforts push even further in defining the specific features of environments that support young people’s leisure-time learning and development (World Youth Report, 2003). International documents including â€Å"Programming for adolescent health and development: report of the WHO/UNFPA/UNICEF Study Group on Programming for Adolescent Health† and Adolescence: A Time That Matters, published by UNICEF, and country documents such as the New Zealand Ministry of Youth Affairs’ Youth Development Strategy Aeteatoa, published in 2002, present a set of common features of environments that support young people’s development. Research and synthesis by M. McLaughlin, by J.P. Connell, M.A. Gambone and T.J. Smith, by the Forum for Youth Investment, and, most recently, by the National Research Council confirms that there are core principles relevant to learning that goes on during leisure time—principles applicable to schools as well but not consistently presen t within them (World Youth Report, 2003). This set of central principles—in reality, conditions for effective learning and engagement— includes, inter alia, the presence of caring relationships, challenge and relevance, choice and voice, high expectations, physical and emotional safety, and experiences of â€Å"mattering† and contribution. This research and practice goes far in validating and clarifying the significance of leisure-based learning. Research results indicate that community-based leisure-time settings may actually be more effective than schools in engaging students in learning (World Youth Report, 2003). A study by R. Larson (2002) indicates that young people are only cognitively and emotionally engaged a small amount of the time, even though such engagement is a critical precondition to learning. Importantly, this combination of cognitive and emotional engagement is far more likely to happen in structured, voluntary leisure-time settings than during school. Apparently, the blend of principles that make leisure-based learning what it is offers a powerful model for engagement and achievement. Based on these findings, stating that leisure time provides an opportunity for learning represents a richer and more promising claim than the argument that students should spend more time doing what they do in school. As indicated by the research just described, the â€Å"how† (pedagogy) of learning during leisure is significantly different. The â€Å"what† of learning—the appropriate content for learning that goes on outside school hours—is also different (Larson, 2002). As both the Convention on the Rights of the Child and the Dakar Youth Empowerment Strategy acknowledge, leisure time is critically a space in which young people express themselves creatively, take part in arts and cultural activities, and develop as individuals. Culture, creativity, and identity are central, defining features of the content of learning during leisure time. Research confirms that leisure time is important in helping young people achieve a broad range of positive outcomes, as follows: social/emotional development, engagement, vocational development, engagement, civic development, engagement, physical development, and engagement (World Youth Report, 2003). Social/emotional development and engagement: the ability to respond to and cope with both positive and adverse situations, reflect on one’s emotions and surroundings, engage in leisure and fun, and sustain caring friendships and relationships with others. Vocational development and engagement: acquiring the functional and organizational skills necessary for employment, including an understanding of careers and options and the pathways to follow to reach these goals. Physical development and engagement: biological maturation and the evolving ability to act in ways that best ensure current and future physical health for oneself and others. Cognitive development and engagement: the ability to gain basic knowledge, to learn in school and other settings, to use critical thinking, problem-solving, and creative and expressive skills, and to conduct independent study. Civic development and engagement: the growing recognition of one’s impact on one’s surroundings and responsibility to others, as well as the ability and opportunity to work collaboratively towards a common goal. Leisure is a developmental opportunity and an imperative. Larson argues that adolescence, including leisure time during this period, should be defined and understood as a time of preparation for family life, employment, good citizenship, lifelong learning and personal fulfilment.It also provides an opportunity for the development of communities and societies (World Youth Report, 2003). Young people are more likely to engage fully in learning if the learning environment incorporates structured leisure time activities .Research shows that leisure time has a number of positive outcomes for individuals involved-including the ability to:react and solve diverse problems –which include emotional and environmental reflection, active relaxation; maintaining friendship or relationship with others;acquire needed functional and employment skills; growth and physically healthy; acquire basic knowledge through education-this includes the development of critical thinking and problem solving skills;be socially raised and involved / participate fully in civil upbringing (World Youth Report, 2003). Leisure time, therefore, provides an opportunity for personal growth.Larson and Verma (1999) points out that ‘the period of adolescence’ needs to be understood as a preparation stage for employment ,family and civil life , lifelong learning ,personal development , and future achievements . Other studies agree that :young people who regularly take part in community programmes achieve better academic and social endeavors ;young people who do not spend time in extra-corricular activities have 57% more chance of dropping out of school(Eccles et al.,1999,cited in World Youth Report, 2003) (Livazovic, 2011). The study of how leisure improves health and boost mood which appears in the journal Psychosomatic Medicine: Journal of Biobehavioral Medicine. For the study, 1,400 adults reported how often they participated in a variety of leisure activities, including spending time unwinding, visiting friends or family, going on vacation, going to clubs or religious activities or playing sports. Adults with higher scores — indicating the most time spent in different leisure activities — had lower blood pressure, waist circumference, body mass index and cortisol measurements, all markers of good health. People who spent more time doing diverse leisure activities also reported stronger and more diverse social networks, more feelings of satisfaction and engagement in their lives and lower levels of depression. Those who logged the most leisure time also slept better and exercised more consistently, the authors say. Other studies have examined the link between specific activities, such as exercise, and improved physical and psychological health, but this is the first to show that the accumulation of multiple sources of enjoyable activity benefits health, Matthews said. The study outcomes add to what we know about the connection between body and mind, said Kathy Richards, Ph.D., a registered nurse and professor of health promotion at the University Of Pennsylvania School Of Nursing in Philadelphia (Sutton, 2009). Another study of Schooler C, Mulatu MS(1999) of Section on Socio-Environmental Studies, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland USA by using data from a representative longitudinal survey, the authors provide strong evidence that complex leisure time activities increase intellectual functioning for workers and nonworkers. Although the effects were relatively moderate, both the present article and its predecessor on the effects of paid work (C. Schooler.Mulatu, Oates. 1999) showed that, even in old age, carrying out complex tasks has a positive effect on intellectual processes. In both cases, initially high levels of intellectual functioning led to high levels of environmental complexity, which in turn raised levels of intellectual functioning, thus providing a pathway contributing to the high correlation of intellectual functioning over a 20-year period in middle and late adulthood. The present findings indicate that even in old age carrying out substantively complex tasks builds the capacity to deal with the intellectual challenges such complex environments provide. (Mulatu, 1999) Leisure activities feel like rain shower during scorching heat. Leisure is the time to be together with your friends and family and to have fun. Devoting some time for leisure helps in staying healthy and achieving a peace of mind. Leisure activities serve as a way of relaxing and as researches have shown recreation on a daily basis reduces stress, sharpen skills improves mental and physical health and improves the quality of life (Jade, 2012). Statement of the Problem This study aims to determine the leisure activities and academic performance of International Maritime Employers’ Council (IMEC) Cadets in University of Cebu-Maritime Education and Training Center during the school year 2012-2013. Specifically, it seeks to provide answers to the following: 1. What is the profile of the respondents according to: 1.1 age; 1.2 course; 1.3 year level; 1.4 first semester grades (2012-2013)? 2. What activities do IMEC cadets do during leisure times in terms of the following: 2.1 board games; 2.2 physical related activities; 2.3 watching TV or playing computer games; 2.4 other activities? 3. What is the degree of attachment of the respondents to their chosen leisure activity? 4. What is the academic performance of the respondents according to their first semester (2012-2013) grade point average? 5. Is there a significant relationship between the profile, leisure activities and the degree of attachment of the respondents to their chosen leisure activity? 5.1 profile; 5.2 leisure activities; 5.3 degree of attachment of the respondents to their leisure activity? Statement of the Null Hypothesis Ho: There is no significant relationship between the profile of the respondents and the degree of attachment of the respondents to their chosen leisure activities Ho: There is no significant relationship between the degree of attachment of the respondents to their chosen leisure activities and academic performance of the respondents Significance of the Study This study leisure activities and academic performance of International Maritime Employers’ Council (IMEC) Cadets will be a significant endeavor that will help the IMEC Cadets, IMEC Administrators, Instructors and the future researcher, the researcher, the academe and the university in order to efficiently handle each role. IMEC Cadets. The proposed study serves to IMEC Cadets as their reference in distinguishing whether the leisure activities they are attached are contributing for their better academic performance or not. It will help the cadets to identify the best activities they must choose and prioritize during leisure time. This study will also determine the length of time the cadets must occupy in doing their leisure activities. Lastly, this study will provide solutions to their common problems in relationship with the leisure activities and their academic performance. IMEC Administrators. The proposed study can help the IMEC Administrators to formulate and establish new rules and regulations in relation with the leisure activities.By this study they will come up with more suitable rules that will enhance the students’ academic performance with regards to the cadets leisure activities. And lastly, the Administrators will become aware of what facilities for leisure activities suit for enhancing the academic performance of the cadets. Instructors .The proposed study will help instructors to have a deeper understanding to the relationship of leisure activities to their student academic performance and become aware of its effects. This will also serve as a guideline for the teachers on what activities to promote for their students better academic performance. The Academe.The proposed study can be a great help in the academic society to illuminate the significant relationship of leisure and academics. This will become hopefully an important basis for setting standards in the academic world. The University. The proposed study will provide some insights and information on how the university is going to develop new teaching approach and to improve the university’s standards in academic in relation with the leisure activities. This study will also encourage them to choose the proper equipment and facilities to improve the IMEC Cadets and the students’ academic performance. The Researchers. The proposed study will help the researcher to know the present status of the IMEC Cadets in relation with the leisure activities and academic performance. Future Researchers. The proposed study will benefit and help the future researcher as their guide. The study can also open in development and improvement of this study. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY This section contaiins the well-organized account of the research design, research dependents, research instruments, research procedure s and treatment of data. Research Design This study will use the descriptive-correlation survey method of investigation to achieve the results that the researchers required. Descriptive-correlation survey method because this study aims to provide information and data about the relationship between two or more variables . The choice of this research design ensures that the study will not result to anything insignificant. Preparations and efforts will come up to a quality and a reliable research output. Research design refers to the plan of action in meeting the objectives of the study. It will involve collecting of data in order to test a hypothesis or find out answers concerning the present status of the subject under study. It is also concerned with conditions of relationship that exist. Research Environment The researchers will conduct the study in University of Cebu- Maritime Education and Training Center (UC-METC) and on the International Maritime Employers’ Council (IMEC) institution. University of Cebu has improved from its opening in 1964 which was formerly known as Cebu College of Commerce (CCC) to Cebu Central Colleges in 1972 through the hard work and effort of Atty. Augusto W. Go. The UC-METC is a University of Cebu campus that specializes in training and educating world classseafarers. It is one of the outstanding maritime universities in the Philippines and is accredited by the Det Norske Veritas (DNV).It is positioned near the sea with an 8-hectare area accommodating multiple facilities necessary for the seafarers of the future. The exact address of this well-resourced and well-equipped institution is Alumnos, Mambaling Cebu City Philippines. International Maritime Employers’ Council was formerly known as International Maritime Employers’ Committee (IMEC). IMEC commenced activities at the University of Cebu-Maritime Education Center (METC) in the University of Cebu in 2008, by sponsoring an initial 50 cadets .The programme has steadily grown from strength to strength and now has more more than 300 cadets. The IMEC office is located at I-Building, 2nd Floor, Alumnus, Mambaling, Cebu City and the cadets are boarding at UC-METC Dorm 2, Alumnus, Mambaling, Cebu City . Research Respondents The respondents of this research study are the International Maritime Employers’ Council (IMEC) Cadets of University of Cebu-Maritime Education and Training Center (UC-METC) in the school year 2012-2013 who are scholars with full free grant from their respective companies. They are taking Bachelor ofScience Marine Transportation and Bachelor Science in MarineEngineeringcourses. Research Instruments The instruments used in this study are questionnaires that are given to the respondents who are spending their leisure time on different leisure activities and varying first semester (2012-2013) point grade average. The questionnaire contains different questions that will allow the researchers to obtain their required data for the research. The questionnaire also contains the profile of the respondent. The nature of research instrument was researcher made. Research Procedure The researcher–made instrument will be used in order to gather data about the respondents. The researchers will also ask the full cooperation of the respondents in filling up and answering the researcher-made questionnaires based on their self-assessment. By tabulating and interpreting the data of the respondents show, the researchers will be able to correlate their leisure activity and academic performance. Since leisure activity is one of the major factors that affect the students’ academic performance, the researchers have decided to conduct a study on leisure activities and academic performance of the students to identify the significant correlation of the respondents’ leisure activities and academic performance. Gathering of Data The researchers will start gathering the data by initiating a unique intellectual forum wherein researchers have to argue and agree to whom and where will the study be conducted. The researchers have decided to conduct the study in University of Cebu-Maritime Education and Training Center wherein the respondents are the students from the International Maritime Employers’ Council taking up Bachelor of Science in Marine Transportation and Bachelor of Science in Marine Engineering. The researchers will seek a written approval from the Maritime Superintendent, Capt. Arnel N. Malaga and from the selected respondents to conduct a study about Leisure Activities and Academic Performance of the Bachelor of Science in Marine Transportation cadets of International Maritime Employers’ Council. of University of Cebu-Maritime Education and Training Center. Before the distribution of questionnaires to the respondents, the researchers consulted Mr. Elven B. Lorca to validate the research instrument. After taking up comments and suggestions from the expert validator, the researchers completely revised the research instrument ready for pilot testing. The respondents have been allowed to answer the research questionnaire provided that the researcher is present during the period. The information and data were collected and was able to classify and treated accordingly. Treatment of Data The data will be gathered and treated accordingly. The profile and kinds of leisure activities will be treated with simple percentage. The level of engagement will be dealt by calculating the weighted mean. The significant relationship between variables will be dealt using Chi-square test. After the tabulation, analysis and interpretation of the gathered data , the researchers will summarize the findings, conclusion and recommendation of the study . Definition of Terms The following are the definitions of key terms based on how they are used in this study. Academic Performance.In this study, this is the respondents’ school academic performance based on their average point grades in the first semester (2012-2013). Degree of Attachment. It is the level of frequency of performing the activity of the respondents. Board Games.This is a kind of activity which the respondents perform on their leisure activity which involves the mental aspects. IMEC CADETS/International Maritime Employers’ Council Cadets.In this study they are the scholars which are selected as the respondents of the study. Leisure Activity. This is where the respondents perform their free time in different ways. Physical Related Activities. This is an activity the respondents perform which involves the physical aspects. Profile. This is the respondents’ personal background. LIST OF REFERENCES Books Haecker, Sabine, (2002), The Meanings of Leisure Mulatu,Schooler C, MS (1999)Section on Socio-Environmental Studies, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, Maryland USA. Parker, S.,.and Lawrence, L., 2002. Leisure studies: trends in theory and research. Eastbourne: Leisure Studies Association. Rojek, C., 2005. Leisure theory: principles and practice. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. Rojek, C., 1995. Decentring leisure: rethinking leisure theory. London: Sage. Journals World Youth Report (2003) The Global Situation of Young People,Department of Economic and Social Affairs, United Nations,NY,ISBN Sutton, Amy (2009) Psychosomatic Medicine: Journal of BiobehavioralMedicine, Health Behavior News Service. Livazovic,Goran( 2011)University of J.J., occasional papers in education and lifelong learning: an international journal volume 4. Strosmayer in Osijec, Republic of Croatia Internet Sources Babcock, P., Marks, M. (2010). Leisure college, USA. Retrieved from http:// www.econ.ucsb.edu/papers/wp02-10.pdf Chan, J. B., May, D. T. (1999). The impact of leisure options on the frequency and spontaneous communication production of a young child with multiple disabilities. Retrieved from http://contents.bjdd.net/Iss88/88-3.PDF Kraus, R. (2000). Basic concepts of play, leisure, and recreation. Retrieved from http:// www.courseweb.uottawa.ca/lsr3515/PDF/lecture5.pdf Moksnes, U. K., Moljord, I. E. O., Espnes, G. A., Byrne, D. G. (2009). Leisure time physical activity does not moderate the relationship between stress and psychological functioning in Norwegian adolescents. Retrieved from http://ntnu.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:408593/FULLTEXT02 Nonis, S. A., Hudson, G. I. (2006). Academic performance of college students: Influence of time spent studying and working. Retrieved from http:// www.fatih.edu.tr//study/ Sirakoulis, K., Deffner, A. (2002). Urban youth leisure, time use research and quality of life: The comparison of leisure preferences of university students in athens and larissa, Greece. Retrieved from http://www-sre.wu- wien.ac.at/ersa/ersaconfs/ersa06/papers/916.pdf Wu, H. C., Liu A., Wang C. H. (2001). Taiwanese university students’ perceived freedom and participation in leisure. Retrieved from http:// www.ntcu.edu.tw/hcwu/51/47.pdf APPENDICES AppendixA Letter to the Respondents February 14, 2013 Dear Respondents: We, a group of students of University of Cebu – Maritime Education and Training Center, will be conducting a study entitled, Leisure Activities and Academic Performance of International Maritime Employers’ Council Cadets of University of Cebu-Maritime Education and Training Center. In this regard, we would like to request for your cooperation in answering this questionnaire, rest assured that we will treat all responses provided with utmost confidentiality. CURRICULUM VITAE A. PERSONAL DATA Name: Caleb L. Geverola Age: 18 Civil Status: Single Home Address: Cansuje, Argao, Cebu City Address: Dorm 2 UC-METC AlumnosMambaling Cebu city Date of Birth: January 13, 1995 Place of Birth: Cansuje, Argao, Cebu Nationality: Filipino B. EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT YEAR ATTENDED Primary : Nug-as Elementary School 2001-2007 Secondary: Calagasan Nat’l High School 2007-2011 Tertiary : University of Cebu-METC 2011-2015

Reflective Paper On Human Resource Management Management Essay

Reflective Paper On Human Resource Management Management Essay Human resource management plays an integral role in assisting any organization attains its set objectives. HRM can be defined as the rational and strategic move towards management of a firms workforce. The workforce is the most valuable asset in any organization. Indeed, organizations are constituted by employees and not the processes and technology employed. The goals of any organization can only achieved by entrusting it to a committed workforce. According to Riccucci (2006), HRM functions in hiring people, ensures growth of employees capabilities so as to fully utilize them and compensate them commensurately for their contributions in making organizations goals realization possible. As such, HRM exists to ensure employee productivity by addressing any hindrance occurring on employees performance. This paper explores the functions of HRM, major concerns in those functions and their relevance to the sum total goal of an organization. In addition the paper reflectively focuses on the impacts of the aforementioned functions to the employees current and future career. To achieve the organizational goals, HRM develops the employees and motivates the individual employee via proper communication of the social responsible and ethical behavior thereby expounding any performance gaps in the organization and providing remedies to them to ensure efficient working. Human Resources planning and recruitment/selection issues The process of HRM is guided by a HRM plan which clearly outlines the future of the undertaking. The plan relates the efforts of the employees within an organization with the organizational goals. Achievements of employees can only be relevant to the organization if they continually address the organizational goals. Organizational goals distinguish between organizations in the market and as such provide the competitive advantage of the organization. HRM office projects, in the plan, the human resource (HR) requirements into the future in efforts to enhance the achievement of the goals. The plan considers both quantitative and qualitative aspects of the HR to be recruited and/or maintained. The economic implication of the HR hired is a factor that goes hand in hand with the achievement of objectives of the organization. HR plan has a great implication on the current and future career aspects of existing employees as well as those in the contextual labour market. Indeed, the quality of HR required may mean staff training on the existing employees, retrenchment of those under qualified or stricter selection processes in efforts to match the job and the skills in employee. The recruitment process then follows. During recruitment, HRM office advertises for the vacancy and after applications has been made, selection of the best candidate(s) is done. The right candidate(s) is inducted into the organization via an introduction of the colleagues, organization structure, work station and supervisor. Furthermore, the recruited employee is familiarized with the organizations goals and policies all of which shape the organization culture. During induction there may be need for a training that may last from several days to several months depending on the intensity of disparity between skills level of the recruited employee and the job description. The contemporary society requires certain proportions of composition of genders in the organizations. Many organizations have actually adopted the affirmative action in ensuring equal employment opportunities (EEO) within their organizations. This serves both as legality conformance as well as a social acceptance tool for organizations. EEO and Affirmative Action Affirmative action is a faction of particular and results-oriented undertakings structured towards correction of underutilization of women and minorities in the workstations. The idea is that employers and all involved in controlling employment procedures do not discriminate among candidates on the grounds of physical or mental challenge, nationality, color, sex, ancestry, religion, marital status, age or medical condition (Dowling et al, 2008). The qualified individuals in the job market should therefore access the available jobs equally. Within the working places, affirmative action and EEO ensures similarity in provision of benefits as well as services to the workforce. As such employees are consistently subjected to practices and policies equally. EEO is an all inclusive legal mandate for federal contractors. Affirmative action program is an endeavor to enhance fairness and deal with effects of previous discrimination practices in employment through attracting the target group th at includes women and underutilized minorities. The impact of affirmative action and EEO on its level of implementation seriously impacts on the career aspirations and indeed personal lives of individuals since its implementation benefits the target group while it may compromise quality of the work force in some societies (ZÃ ¼gner Ullrich, 2009). Implementation of the EEO and affirmative action programs implies that the percentage of the unemployed among the target group is increased thereby improving their personal living standards as well as career prospects. The challenge with the implementation of EEO and affirmative action may be the possibility of compromising the quality aspect of the workforce when the level of skills among the target population is wanting yet their percentage in an organizations workforce has to be achieved. However, for social acceptance and legal conformity, the HRM office must try to apply the said policy. In enhancing employee productivity and the subsequent achievement of organization goals, HRM office must ensure proper compensation and commensurate provision of benefits to the employees. Compensation may be defined as the offer of money or a financial convertible material for purposes of remunerating for work done. The remuneration is presented as a compensation package which implies the value /worth placed on an employee. Compensation and Employees Benefits Compensation package is normally presented in three major categories. First, it can be non monetary such that the value intangible. Such compensation comprise of social as well as career rewards expressed as growth opportunity , subsidized housing, enhanced job security, flexible working hours, recognition, and elder care among others. The Second compensation package is direct which expresses the employees base salary/wage. Direct compensation may be in form of piece rate pay, hourly pay or salary pay. Finally, there is indirect compensation that includes provision of facilities like paid leave, health insurance, and child care. Any compensation is either based on time or activity level (Riccucci, 2006). In terms of time, compensation may be long-term or short-term. Short-term and long-term compensation reward performance for upto one financial year and beyond a financial year period respectively. The activity level approach, expresses a compensation package as either variable or fix ed. Variable package is proportionately with employees performance level. This arrangement is usually called ‘pay at risk. The implication is that compensation is re-earned and re-established each performance period. Variable package is availed as team-based pay, bonus programs as well as commissions. On the contrary, fixed compensation does not vary directly as performance and is also nondiscretionary. Generally, corporate consensus advocate for a relation between pay and performance to enhance its effectiveness. This advocacy may however not apply in sectors where performance levels are dependent on factors without employee and organization control. Whichever presentation of compensation package is adopted, the motivation effect as well as implication on financial soundness of the organization must be considered. Compensation package affects the employees perception on the value placed on them and hence is a good motivation element/factor in the workplace. The compensation policy adopted by the organization dictates the living standards of a person as well as future career development of an employee. Some organizations cater for career developments costs for their employees while others reimburse a certain percentage of the cost. Moreover, other factors constant, high compensation packages can enable an employee to advance in career since it would cater for the training and other education expenses coincidental to career advancement. Human Resources Development Human resources require a continuous development to match with the increasing demand for skills and levels of performance. Human resource development (HRD) may be defined as the structure designed to assist workers develop their personal as well as organizational skills, abilities and knowledge. HRD is more often than not a deliberate organizational effort expressed in terms of performance management, employee career development, employee training and mentoring programs geared towards positioning employees to properly face the dynamism of their duties (Dowling et al, 2008). The focus of HRD is to develop a superior workforce that will result to accomplishment of individual and organizational goals in serving customers. HRD may be formal or informal. Formally, HRD is conducted in a classroom setup where a course is offered. Informal HRD involves employee coaching by a supervisor within the working station. In an organizational setup, performance management is defined as the process of putting up a work environment requiring the workforce to perform to the maximum level of their capabilities. Performance management system starts with the communication of duties and responsibilities of an individual employee, the actual performance of duties and an evaluation procedure. The whole process is facilitated by a feedback mechanism that serves to ensure adherence to organizational goals. Effective performance management as an element in HRD ensures the following. First, there is continued improvement in productivity both in the manner employees work and the subsequent outcomes. Secondly, effective performance management ensures a commensurate reward to employees contribution hence improvement in employee morale. Thirdly, top performers are retained when an effective performance management is employed. Retention arises from the employee loyalty and low labour turn over achieved when employees e xperience a sense of achievement (ZÃ ¼gner Ullrich, 2009). Finally, organization enjoys increased profitability derived from employee loyalty which in turn leads to customer loyalty. The HRM office conducts performance appraisals usually on quarterly basis of the performance period. According to ZÃ ¼gner Ullrich (2009), career development can be enhanced through provision of paid study leaves and partial or full reimbursement of training expenses when employees seek training outside the organization. HRD equips the employees with better skills of doing work which boosts their performance levels. High performance levels in return generates better compensation package. Furthermore, HRD raises the self esteem of employees especially if their skills level were extremely low. Employee and various labor relations issues The practice HRM is responsible in ensuring adherence to the set labour relations policy. Employee/labour relation is the concern for the relationship and interaction between lower level employees and the organizations upper management level (Burstein, 1994). Labor relation policy addresses the following issues in the organization. To start with, labour relations policy enacts proper administration procedures within the organization. Employees can correctly project the administrative issues that will be practiced in the organization. For example, workers can expect that they will have a unity of command and a clearly defined chain of command governing them. Moreover, employees are aware of the importance of their participation in decision making in whichever level. Second, labour relations policy ensures maintenance of an effective and positive discipline in the organization. The policy clearly outlines the legal issues that govern discipline and the remedial measures to be taken for correction. When employees commit errors necessitating the need for effective dispute resolution in the workplace, they are not left under the mercies of the organization management alone, but rather labor relations policy provides the required guidelines in seeking amicable solution (Dowling et al, 2008). In case the organization infringes on the rights of the employees, the labour relations policy also comes into effect to define the extent of compensation that the employees are entitled to. Third, labour relations policy establishes the lines of communication in an organization which forms a foundation for employee morale. Fourth, the policies guarantees uninterrupted production since there is a continuous employment for employees and managers and a full utilization of resources. With maximum possible production, there is a predictable continuity in flow of income that enhances smooth running of organization. Finally, labor relations reduce wastage of HR, machines and materials thus protectin g national interest of conservation. Adherence to labour relations is paramount to personal lives of employees as well as on their future career prospects. This is mainly because the policy provides an opportunity for mental revolution (ZÃ ¼gner Ullrich, 2009). In fact the objective of labour relations policy is to enhance a complete mental revolution in the workforce. A peaceful coexistence ultimately lies in a changed appearance both on the organization and the employees. Management of organization needs to formulate relationships that enhance consonance with true democracy spirit. The organization and the employees must perceive themselves as members of a partnership that recognizes the contribution of each. Development of such an understanding improves the affective domain of an employee that is important in the modern social world. Social employees have a chance to develop in their careers as well as fit in their contextual organizations through the normal challenges that exist. Safety and Health On health and safety of employees in the organization, HRM ensures conformance both as a legal requirement as well as a care for humanity. Organizations depend on smooth running of operations as directed by employees. As such, the health and safety of employees need to be guarded. Health refers to the state of being in a human/ worker in an organization Dowling et al, 2008). The state of well being includes mental, emotional and physical wholeness of an individual. Safety may be defined as to the safeguarding of physical well being of a worker. Safety minimizes/eliminates risk of accidents due to fire or diseases as well as machinery. At large, Security encompasses protection of equipments and facilities from damage and unauthorized access. The HRM office coordinates safety programs and enhances awareness of the organizations health and safety policies. In ensuring safety awareness, the HRM office should train the members of organization on handling safety equipments, maintenance of working conditions that are safe as well as developing appropriate safety reporting mechanisms (Riccucci, 2006). Health and safety of employees safeguards their lives thereby giving them opportunities to advance in their careers. Conclusion In conclusion, the HRM function in an integral part of any organization in ensuring the realization of established goals. The said office harmonizes the dream of the founders of the organization, which is expressed as objectives or strategic plans, and the efforts that are applied by the workforce. Indeed, the essence of work is realization of the set objectives without which hard work would be meaningless. The functions of the HRM office are interrelated and interdependent. Their weights/importance is intertwined by the close relationships that they hold. As such no function can be said to hold more weight than the other. Sourcing of the workforce is however important as the first step that determines success and cost of operation in the other functions. Ensuring equality and fair practices under legal employee relations procedures in the workplace boosts firms commitment in attaining the set objectives. References Burstein, P. (1994). Equal employment opportunity: labor market discrimination and public policy. Piscataway, U.S.A: Aldine Transaction Publishers. Dowling, P. J., Festing, M Engle, D. A. (2008). International human resource management: managing people in a multinational context. Florence, KY: Cengage Learning EMEA Publishers. Riccucci, M. N. (2006). Public Personnel Administration and Labor Relations. Armonk, NY: M.E. Sharpe Publishers. ZÃ ¼gner, C. Ullrich, S. (2009). Compensation and Remuneration. Munich, Germany: GRIN Verlag Publishers.

Uncanny Networks: Dialogues with the Virtual Intelligentsia :: Uncanny Networks Dialogues Virtual Intelligentsia

Uncanny Networks: Dialogues with the Virtual Intelligentsia - Challenging Conceptions of Information Society This book is a collection of thirty-five interviews that examine the various political, ideological, and theoretical opinions of significant media and cultural theorists, critics, artists, and philosophers from the past decade, on the topic of the blurring of distinctions between cultural theory and information. The interviewer, Geert Lovink, is a media theorist, former editor of the new media arts magazine Mediamatic, founder of Nettime mailing lists, the cofounder of the online community server Digital City, and the author of Dark Fiber: Tracking Critical Internet Culture (MIT Press, 2002). According to the Foreword by Joel Slayton, the interview discourse can be roughly grouped into four overlapping ideas: 1) media theory and criticism; 2) sociology, economics, and cultural theory of digital computation, networks, and communications; 3) theoretical ontology relating to an architecture of media; and 4) new media art as information strategy. Topics discussed include cyberspace and the rise of nongovernmental organizations, digital aesthetics, corporate takeover of the Internet, sound art, virtual and urban spaces, navigating deep audio space, theory of the virtual class, European media philosophy, the storage of social movements, the Internet in Eastern Europe, hybrid identities, the mixing of old and new in India, Japanese techno tribes, and critical media studies in the Asia-Pacific, just to name a few. For Lovink, interviews are imaginative texts creating global networked discourses between and among professions, cultures, and social groups. Most of the interviews were done online, allowing the participants to write responses to questions that have both depth and breadth, given that time periods of weeks and months passed before the entire interview with each participant was completed. Many of the interviewees are well-known and unknown artists, critics, theorists, and philosophers worldwide who are building and designing the content, interfaces, and architectures of new media. After the Foreword, the book begins with an interesting self-interview of Geert Lovink himself. A quick snapshot of each interviewee and topics of discussion include: . Dietmar Kamper: disguised form of simulation and authenticity in cyberspace . Norbert Bolz: transformation of media theory into computational theory . Michael Heim: the implication of technological metaphysics . Slavoj Zizek: suspicion of multicultural, neutral, liberal attitudes surrounding nationalist madness . Arthur Kroker: virtual class as predatory capitalists and computer visionaries . Luchezar Boyadjiev: financial sector as the avant-garde in artistic media strategy . Gayatri Spivak: ethics of choice between telematic culture and the reality of a developing state

Back To Chernobyl :: essays research papers

Many of the causes of the disaster at the Chernobyl nuclear reactors were from the lack of safety and the failure to follow safety features. This horrible incident shows us many lessons that should be learned. A few reasons for the Chernobyl power plant to rupture was due to the amount of control rods that were used. Where a minimum of 30 controls rods were required, only 6 to 8 control rods were used. The main reason that cause the core to actually ruptured was due to a sudden rise of the temperature in the reactor during the manual removal of control rods in a test which lead to the instability of the reactors. As the temperature rose, the core ruptured. A few reasons behind the Chernobyl nuclear power plants core to overheat were due to a few overlooked problems that were not taken care of. The Chernobyl Nuclear power plant used steam as a coolant, where water is a better coolant than steam for it also acts as a moderator, and second, it was found that the reactor’s emergenc y cooling system was disabled. These lack of actions lead to the catastrophic consequences at the Chernobyl power plant.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  If I were in the same position before the accident, I would’ve made sure that the minimum amount of control rods were being in used considering the dangers of the reactor and their radiation incase of a meltdown. I would also have made sure all the cooling systems and equipment were working properly. Lastly, I would’ve used water as the coolant agent, so as to keep the core cooler.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In contrast to the reaction of the Soviets, I would’ve acted more quickly and expected the worst. I would’ve demanded an evacuation as soon as possible and in addition made sure I would have had a department working on plans for such an incident. Another aspect I would’ve looked at was to concentrate on how the weather would’ve effected the spread of the radiation and the carcinogenic material in the air. There are many aspects that were overlooked that lead to the deaths of many people and the illness of many people from the time for the incident to now, politically, economically, and socially.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The conflict between the environmental pollution of coal plants and the possible threats of having a nuclear reactions is very controversial. The fact the coal itself when burned releases carcinogenic materials into the atmosphere is very apparent the it is dangerous, yet it has been present and is not always as detrimental to the areas that are a good distance away from the area of the plant.

Legalization of Marijuana is Necessary :: Argumentative Persuasive Argument Essays

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Marijuana has been unfairly villainized and prohibited in America. Legalization offers a practical, effective, and humane approach to dealing with marijuana use. In the following pages I will point out the inconsistency and hypocrisy of America’s marijuana laws, some of the problems with our current methods for controlling illegal drug use, and some of the possible advantages of legalization. It is unclear exactly why the recreational use of marijuana became of such concern to some people in the first place, but much of the information published and testimony made to Congress on the subject in the 1930’s was simply ludicrous. A 1936 article from the American Journal of Nursing claimed that a marijuana smoker â€Å"will suddenly turn with murderous violence upon whomever is nearest to him† (Bring Drugs 13). In 1937, Harry Anslinger, then head of the Federal Bureau of Narcotics (now the Drug Enforcement Agency) testified before Congress that â€Å"Marijuana is the most violence causing drug in the history of mankind,† and that â€Å"Most marijuana smokers are Negroes, Hispanics, Filipinos, and entertainers. Their Satanic music, jazz and swing, result from marijuana usage. This marijuana causes white women to seek sexual relations with Negroes† (Bouril 4).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Some theorize that anxiety over the decline in size and power of the Federal Bureau of Narcotics after the 1933 repeal of Alcohol Prohibition is what caused Anslinger to push so hard for the prohibition of marijuana (4). The preposterous lies told about the effects of marijuana usage by people like Anslinger has led others to believe that there was a hidden agenda behind the Marijuana Tax Act of 1937 - to eliminate hemp. In 1916 the U.S. Department of Agriculture announced, in Bulletin No. 404, that one acre of hemp would produce as much pulp as four acres of trees, and that if a machine for stripping hemp were developed it would be unnecessary to cut down forest to make paper (Bock 3). Shortly before the passage of the Act, state of the art stripping and pulping machines were available and a few were in use. An article written for Popular Mechanics entitled â€Å"New Billion-Dollar Crop† discussed how this new technology would make hemp â €Å"the most profitable and desirable crop that can be grown† (Bouril 5). Unfortunately, the article was not published until February of 1938 - a day late and a dollar short. There is considerable evidence that the

Philosophy of life Essay

?I saw this quote in Mr. Laxman Gnawali’s laptop and I copied it right away, I don’t know but I liked that line very much. The quote was written on the wall of some park the place was really clean and that picture showed that it was really nice clean with lots of trees. After searching it in the internet I found it that it was the attribute to those who lost their lives in the war. We were talking about the teaching training session. We were told that we can achieve the next level in our career but we need to concentrate and do the session delivery seriously. There the quote was quite related because we had the freedom to be a teacher trainer but we have to be more responsible and develop certain habit, there with the freedom comes the responsibility. Looking at the history of freedom one can always see war as the synonyma for the freedom. The first thing that comes in our mind when we talk about freedom is war and quarrels. This phrase is mostly used by the people to show gratitude towards those who have lost their life in wars. There are so many articles and books written on them or about them. Shiv Khera have written a book â€Å"freedom is not Free† and there are mny other people who have talked about it and this is the phrase I think will be talked in coming future or as long as the existence of the human beings. Freedoms are rights of individuals, according to Webster it’s a state in which somebody is able to act and live as he or she chooses, without being subject to any, or to any undue, restraints and restrictions. As our country is democratic country and we proudly say that we are free, we have every freedom to do whatever we like to but in the beginning we fought for our freedom, can we still be fighting. In the beginning we fought for our freedom, with the birtishers, we fought with them not for the freedom but to keep our country free. We fought for the democracy from the Rana rulers and then we fought for the cruel royal rule and we achieve the freedom but the question remains that we have been fighting within ourselves. Now we have the ability to exercise free will and make choices independently of any external determining force, but are we truly free. I think we are still fighting within ourselves for the freedom we dream of. History has been our eyewitness that whenever we fought we fought to rule and not for the development or growth and we are still doing that. First we had MAHISHPAL than came GOPALA DYNESTYR and KIRAT after that many other than the most influential SHAH now we have politicians ruling still to rule not to develop. If I talk about the freedom realting with our history than it will never finish. Historians believe we’re not free, but on the other hand I just say we have our rights and restrains. Because completely unrestricted freedom of action would make peaceful human existence impossible, some restraints on freedom of action are necessary and inevitable. But, we do have to recognize that basic limitation, to make our life safe. We the people have to turn over some of our rights so that our country performs right and many say that the government is in our business but if they weren’t all chaos would occur. But, Freedom becomes a cost, a cost of just giving up some rights in return to be a great nation. But, some cost could become a concern. In the declaration of independence, Thomas Jefferson have clearly stated the difficulties and problems that America has to face on the process. The very recent and clear example abo;ut freedom is not free is our own country’s fight against the maost. We faced difficulties than one can imagine but ultimately we overcame with all the difficulties we faced. In the process of freedom government has to include all the armies of moist as well. There comes the pay for freedom. We had to go through traumas which many of the nation have been through but that trauma was from our own people to their own family. India, the biggest country with large population, which is emerging ijn every field in this modern time, have faced problems. They were colonized by British people and treated in the most cruel behave that one could ever treat to another human being in their own country but they fought for their freedom and have lost so many lives but at last they are free. The payment that they paid for the freedom are the lives, the great politicians and enthusiastic youths, there county were divided into parts and there is still fight among those country. Though they got the freedom they are still paying for it, that is why freedom is not free. America the land of opportunity, was not free and with the help of many freedom fighters they declare the independence. Instead of freedom they call it independent, as everyone knows in America most of the people are from different countries, the native people, the red Indians have actually lost their identity in order to be independent or free. the country have faced so many difficulties and still facing but it is the free country everyone says and believed that but they have the most criminal records and most frustration within their country. The fragmented society, self-centered individual, loss of culture and focus point of terrorism are the payment USA is paying with. Every country have their own struggle and history of freedom and the kinds pf payment they are paying as the freedom is not free. All the great people in this world has paid one or the other way for the freedom they fought for. Countries have faced the war and loss of the youngsters but the individual who are the great influential for that event lost their family ,loved once, and their own life as well. Hitler’s life story also suggest that freedom is not free.he hated zuse and to free himself from them he committed the crime which no human can forget and he is the most cruel person in this world. He could not face the failure and to make himself free from the thought of failure he continued doing the things which kept him free from that thought and the payment for the freedom of his thought is being cruel and called murderer and be alone in all his life. However his murder is still have no actual evidence but he was killed because he was becoming cruel and threat for many people so in the quest of freedom to free the abuse and feeling of failure he paid it with his life. Mahatma Gandhi, India call him their BAPU, was hated by his son because he had no time to spend with the family as he was in great mission to free his country from the Birtish. He freed his fellow country but the payment was his own children, he was killed by the very young person as people saw that his generosity is causing the country into many countries. He was free from all the material things and loved by all the people but to gain this freedom to loved by everyone with his life. The four martyrs, who was killed by rana rulers for their freedom speech also shows that whatever our country have got is not free. in whatever way we are enjoying or complaining about is actually the payment that those martyrs paid. They were from well known and educated family but in the quest to free the country from the ranas they paid their life and we got freedom. Being anyone as human is not free from all the responsibilities and rules that we need to follow. As a baby you are free to cry over anything but the payment is most of the time people don’t understand what your problem is. As a student you are allowed to make noise or make wrong choice but the payment is later on you have to fail in your exam and in your life. As a social worker you have the freedom to help others and take their pain as your own and the payment you have to pay is your time, for you and for your family, as an engineer, your freedom is to use any model but the payment is you have to be responsible for the lives of the people who will stay there, as writer you are free to write anything but the payment is no one will write about you, as the teacher you have the freedom to conduct your classroom as you wanted but the payment is you have to be the model all the time, you cannot make any mistake if you do you have to deal with all the consequences that might occur or the payment is your time and effort. When you see some advertisement on television about the free scheme, we always need to buy something with it because nothing is free, not even the water, the air. Freedom is actually the metaphor for all the responsibilities that comes with freedom. When one becomes the minister or join the politics, like in our country everyone blames them to be the negative one, you are free to be the politician but the payment is you won’t be trusted. When I first started to teach I don’t have any freedom to chose what I do in the classroom, so I was just following whatever the teacher told me to do and there no one expected anything from me so I was free from the responsibility and the payment I was paying is getting the low pay. As I developed the teaching learning skill and given the full responsibility of the class, I had the freedom to do any kind of things in the classroom and make it my own and include everything I have learnt but the payment is time and the continuous work load and no self time. Likewise with the PGDE course we had the freedom to garnish ourselves and the payment is all the criteria that was set for us to be what we were trained to be. FREEDOM IS NOT FREE, even the quote is controversial because when freedom is not free than why would one use these words and if it is used why it is mostly related with the people who have done so much for the betterment of the human being?