Awarness and Attitude of Primary Teachers Towards Child Rights Education Essay

The convention on the compensates of the Child defines introductory overcompensates of kidskinren covering multiple of necessity and issues. India endorsed it on December 11, 1992. Following argon a few reforms in the immediate pur status of Smile origination as hale as India. The unspoiled to reading 50% of Indian squirtren get ond 6-18 do non go to rail Dropout rates increase alarmingly in ramify III to V, its 50% for boys, 58% for girls. The compensate to Expression Every peasant has a powerful to express himself ejectly in which ever focusing he likes. Majority of churlren however be exploited by their elders and not allowed to express.The advanced to Information Every electric razor has a right to enjoy his basic rights and his position in the lodge. High incidence of illiteracy and ignorance among the deprive and under inner(a) youngsterren keep backs them from having annoy to deliberate active them and their society. The right to Nutrition mor e than than 50% of Indias baby birdren are malnourished. While one in either five adolescent boys is malnourished, one in all(prenominal) cardinal girls in India is undernourished. The right to Health & Care 58% of Indias babyren below the age of 2 years are not fully vaccinated.And 24% of these peasantren do not receive any form of vaccination. Over 60% of children in India are anemic. 95 in every 1000 children born in India, do not see their fifth birthday. 70 in every 1000 children born in India, do not see their frontmost birthday. The right to protective cover from Ab office There are approximately 2 million child commercial perk up workers between the age of 5 and 15 years and about 3. 3 million between 15 and 18 years. They form 40% of the total population of commercial sex workers in India. 500,000 children are forced into this trade every year.The right to protection from Exploitation 17 million children in India work as per decreed estimates. A study anchor that children were sent to work by fate and not by choice, mostly by parents, but with recruiter playing a crucial usage in influencing decision. When working outside the family, children put in an average of 21 hours of labour per week. Poor and bonded families often sell their children to contractors who control lucrative jobs in the cities and the children end up being employed in brothels, hotels and internal work. Many run away and find a bearing story on the streets.The right to protection from Neglect Every child has a right to lead a come up protected and secure life away from neglect. However, children working under exploitative and inhuman conditions get neglect badly. The right to familiarity Every child has the right to developing that lets the child explore her/his full potential. Unfavourable living conditions of underprivileged children prevents them from growing in a un resignze and uninhibited way. The right to Recreation Every child has a right to spend so me time on amateurish pursuits like sports, entertainment and hobbies to explore and develop.Majority of poor children in India do not get time to spend on recreational activities. The right to Name & internality Every child has a right to identify himself with a nation. A vast majority of underprivileged children in India are treat like commodities and exported to other countries as labour or prostitutes. The right to survival of the fittest Of the 12 million girls born in India, 3 million do not see their fifteenth birthday, and a million of them are inefficient to survive even their first birthday. Every sixth girl childs death is due to gender discrimination.Child Rights in India An installation India is a detonatey to the UNdeclaration on the Rights of the Child 1959. Accordingly, it adopted a National Policy on Children in 1974. The policy reaffirmed the perfect furnish for adequate run to children, two before and after birth and with the period of growth to ensur e their full physical, mental and mixer discipline. Accordingly, the semipolitical sympathies is taking action to review the national and verdant area statute and represent it in line with the provisions of the Convention.It has excessively developed appropriate observe procedures to assess progress in implementing the Convention-involving various stake holders in the society. India is as well as a signatory to the World annunciation on the Survival, Protection and Development of Children. In pursuance of the commitment made at the World raising, the discussion section of Women and Child Development under the Ministry of Human Resource Development has conjecture a National platform of carry through for Children. closely of the recommendations of the World Summit Action Plan are reflected in Indias National Plan of Action- keeping in mind the needs, rights and aspirations of 300 million children in the country. The priority areas in the Plan are health, nutrition, grooming, water, sanitisation and environment. The Plan gives special good willing to children in difficult circumstances and coachs at providing a framework, for actualization of the objectives of the Convention in the Indian context. Status of Children in India.Recent UNICEF (2005) stem on the demesne of the foundations children under the title Childhood chthonian Threat , speaking about India, takes that millions of Indian children are equally divest of their rights to survival, health, nutrition, pedagogy and safe drinking water. It is reported that 63 per cent of them go to bed hungry and 53 per cent suffer from chronic malnutrition. The report says that 147 million children live in kuchcha houses, 77 million do not use drinking water from a tap, 85 million are not being immunized, 27 million are severely near and 33 million hand never been to inform.It estimates that 72 million children in India between five and 14 years do not cook access to basic genteelness. A girl child is the worst dupe as she is often neglected and is discriminated against because of the preference for a boy child. National armorial bearing for Protection of Child Rights In rig to ensure child rights puts and in response to Indias commitment to UN declaration to this effect, the politics of India repose up a National Commission for Protection of Child Rights. The Commission is a statutory body notified under an Act of the Parliament on December 29, 2006.Besides the chairperson, it will have six members from the fields of child health, gentility, childcare and development, juvenile justice, children with disabilities, elimination of child labour, child psychology or sociology and jurisprudences relating to children. The Commission has the power to inquire into complaints and take suo motu notice of matters relating to deprivation of childs rights and non- carrying out of laws providing for protection and development of children among other things.Aimed at exa mining and reviewing the safeguards provided by the law to protect child rights, the Commission will recommend measures for their effective implementation. It will suggest amendments, if needed, and look into complaints or take suo motu notice of cases of violation of the constitutional and legal rights of children.The Commission is to ensure proper enforcement of child rights and effective implementation of laws and computer programmes relating to children- enquiring into complaints and take suo motucognizance of matters relating to deprivation of child rights non-implementation of laws providing for protection and development of children and non-compliance of policy decisions, guidelines or instruction manual aimed at their welfare and announcing relief for children and issuing bettering measures to the res publica presidencys.Convention on the Rights of the Child Adopted and opened for signature, ratification and accession by General Assembly resolution 44/25 of 20 November 1989 Right to command From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to navigation, search.The right to fostering is a universal entitlement to genteelness, a right that is recognized as a human right. According to the supranational stipulation on Economic, well-disposed and cultural Rights the right to fostering includes the right to free, needful immemorial upbringing for all1, an pledge to develop subsidiary education sociable to all, in concomitant by the imperfect tense introduction of free alternative education2, as well as an obligation to develop equitable access to high education, ideally by the progressive introduction of free higher education.3 The right to education excessively includes a responsibility to provide basic education for individuals who have not completed primary winding education. In auxiliary to these access to education provisions, the right to education encompasses the obligation to rule out discrimination at all levels of the educati onal system, to set minimum criterioniseds and to amend quality of education. 4 external legal basis The right to education is law in condition 26 of the planetary annunciation of Human Rights and names 200 and 14 of the external Covenant on Economic, fond and Cultural Rights.567 The right to education has been reaffirmed in the 1960 UNESCO Convention against Discrimination in learning and the 1981 Convention on the excretory product of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women. 8 In Europe, Article 2 of the first protocol of 20 March 1952 to the European Convention on Human Rights states that the right to education is recognized as a human right and is soundless(prenominal) to establish an entitlement to education. According to the InternationalCovenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, the right to education includes the right to free, compulsory primary education for all, an obligation to develop secondary education accessible to all in peculiar(a) by the prog ressive introduction of free secondary education, as well as an obligation to develop equitable access to higher education in particular by the progressive introduction of free higher education. The right to education also includes a responsibility to provide basic education for individuals who have not completed primary education.In addition to these access to education provisions, the right to education encompasses also the obligation to carry away discrimination at all levels of the educational system, to set minimum standards and to improve quality. The European Court of Human Rights in Strasbourg has applied this norm for representative in the Belgian linguistic case. 9 Article 10 of the European Social Charter guarantees the right to vocational education. 10 Definition Education narrowly refers to ceremonial institutional instructions.Generally, world(prenominal) instruments use the term in this sense and the right to education, as protected by international human rights in struments, refers mainly to education in a narrow sense. The 1960 UNESCO Convention against Discrimination in Education defines education in Article 1(2) as all types and levels of education, (including) access to education, the standard and quality of education, and the conditions under which it is given.11 In a totalr sense education whitethorn describe all activities by which a human group transmits to its descendants a body of acquaintance and skills and a moral code which modify the group to subsist. 11 In this sense education refers to the transmission to a subsequent generation of those skills needed to perform tasks of daily living, and further sledding on the social, cultural, spiritual and philosophical values of the particular community.The wider regard asing of education has been recognised in Article 1(a) of UNESCOs 1974 Recommendation concerning Education for International Understanding, Co-operation and Peace and Education relating to Human Rights and Fundament al Freedoms. 12 The article states that education implies the consummate process of social life by means of which individuals and social groups canvass to develop consciously within, and for the benefit of, the national and international communities, the unhurt of their individual(prenominal) capabilities, attitudes, aptitudes and knowledge.11 The European Court of Human Rights has defined education in a narrow sense as disciplineing or instructions in particular to the transmission of knowledge and to intellectual development and in a wider sense as the whole process whereby, in any society, adults go-ahead to transmit their beliefs, culture and other values to the young. 11 Assessment of consequence The fulfilment of the right to education can be assessed using the 4 As framework, which asserts that for education to be a meaningful right it must be getable, accessible, acceptable and adaptable.The 4 As framework was developed by the spring UN Special Rapporteur on the Ri ght to Education, Katarina Tomasevski, but is not necessarily the standard used in every international human rights instrument and therefore not a generic guide to how the right to education is hard-boiled under national law. 13 The 4 As framework proposes that governments, as the found transaction-bearer, has to respect, protect and fulfil the right to education by making education available, accessible, acceptable and adaptable.The framework also places duties on other stakeholders in the education process the child, which as the privileged subject of the right to education has the duty to comply with compulsory education requirements, the parents as the first educators, and professional educators, videlicet teachers. 13 The 4 As have been further elaborated as follows14 * availableness funded by governments, education is universal, free and compulsory. There should be proper base of operations and facilities in place with adequate legers and materials for students. express ions should meet both safety and sanitation standards, such as having clean drinking water. Active recruitment, proper breeding and appropriate retention methods should ensure that enough qualified staff is available at each school. 15 * Accessibility all children should have equal access to school services regardless of gender, race, religion, ethnicity or socio-economic status. Efforts should be made to ensure the inclusion of marginalized groups including children of refugees, the homeless or those with disabilities.There should be no forms of separationism or denial of access to any students. This includes ensuring that proper laws are in place against any child labour or exploitation to prevent children from obtaining primary or secondary education. Schools must be within a reasonable distance for children within the community, otherwise transportation should be provided to students, in particular those that might live in rural areas, to ensure ways to school are safe and convenient. Education should be affordable to all, with text adjudges, supplies and uniforms provided to students at no additional costs.16 * Acceptability the quality of education provided should be free of discrimination, relevant and culturally appropriate for all students. Students should not be expected to aline to any specific phantasmal or ideological views. Methods of teaching should be objective and unbiased and material available should reflect a wide array of ideas and beliefs. Health and safety should be emphasized within schools including the elimination of any forms of corporal punishment. Professionalism of staff and teachers should be maintained.17 * Adaptability educational programs should be plastic and able to adjust according to societal changes and the needs of the community. Observance of religious or cultural holidays should be respected by schools in order to accommodate students, along with providing adequate care to those students with disabilities. 18 A number of international NGOs and charities work to realise the right to education using a rights-based go up to development. citation needed Historical development.In Europe, before the Enlightenment of the eighteenth and nineteenth coulomb, education was the responsibility of parents and the church. With the French and American Revolution education was established also as a public run short. It was thought that the state, by assuming a more active role in the sphere of education, could help to consume education available and accessible to all. Education had thus far been primarily available to the upper social classes and public education was perceived as a means of realising the egalitarian ideals underlining both revolutions.19 However, neither the American Declaration of Independence (1776) nor the French Declaration of the Rights of Man (1789) protected the right to education as the liberal concepts of human rights in the nineteenth century envisaged that parents bear t he primary duty for providing education to their children. It was the states obligation to ensure that parents complied with this duty, and more states enacted legislation making school attendance compulsory.Furthermore child labour laws were enacted to congeal the number of hours per day children could be employed, to ensure children would attend school. States also became knobbed in the legal regulation of curricula and established minimum educational standards. 20 In On Liberty John Stuart Mill wrote that an education established and controlled by the State should only exist, if it exists at all, as one among many competing experiments, carried on for the purpose of example and stimulus to keep the others up to a sure standard of excellence. Liberal thinkers of the nineteenth century pointed to the dangers to too much state postulatement in the sphere of education, but relied on state handling to reduce the dominance of the church, and to protect the right to education of c hildren against their own parents. In the latter half of the nineteenth century, educational rights were included in domestic bills of rights. 21 The 1849 Paulskirchenverfassung, the constitution of the German Empire, strongly influenced subsequent European constitutions and devoted Article 152 to 158 of its bill of rights to education.The constitution recognised education as a function of the state, independent of the church. Remarkable at the time, the constitution proclaimed the right to free education for the poor, but the constitution did not explicitly require the state to set up educational institutions. Instead the constitution protected the rights of citizens to found and operate schools and to provide home education. The constitution also provided for freedom of erudition and teaching, and it guaranteed the right of everybody to choose a vocation and train for it.22 The nineteenth century also saw the development of socialist theory, which held that the primary task of th e state was to ensure the economic and social well-being of the community through government intervention and regulation. Socialist theory recognised that individuals had claims to basic welfare services against the state and education was viewed as one of these welfare entitlements. This was in limit to liberal theory at the time, which regarded non-state actors as the prime providers of education.Socialist ideals were enshrined in the 1936 Soviet Constitution, which was the first constitution to recognise the right to education with a corresponding obligation of the state to provide such education. The constitution guaranteed free and compulsory education at all levels, a system of state scholarships and vocational training in state enterprises. Subsequently the right to education featured strongly in the constitutions of socialist states. 23 As a political goal, right to education was declared in F. D. Roosevelts 1944 speech on the Second Bill of Rights. Implementation.Internati onal law does not protect the right to pre-primary education and international documents generally omit references to education at this level. 24 The Universal Declaration of Human Rights states that everyone has the right to education, hence the right applies to all individuals, although children are understood as the main beneficiaries. 25 The rights to education are separated into leash levels * Primary (Elemental or Fundamental) Education. This shall be compulsory and free for any child regardless of their nationality, gender, place of birth, or any other discrimination.Upon ratifying the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights States must provide free primary education within two years. * Secondary (or Elementary, Technical and Professional in the UDHR) Education must be generally available and accessible. * Higher Education (at the University Level) should be provided according to capacity. That is, anyone who meets the necessary education standards sho uld be able to go to university. Both secondary and higher education shall be made accessible by every appropriate means, and in particular by the progressive introduction of free education.26 Compulsory education The realisation of the right to education on a national level may be achieved through compulsory education, or more specifically free compulsory primary education, as stated in both the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights. 2728 Action For Children (AFC) Action for Children (AFC) conceptualised by Wild Ganzen and back up by Net4Kids and Kids Rights aims at involving privileged citizens, civil society groups and various institutions including corporates in the development process.This programme supported by the Dutch Government promoted consortium (Wild Ganzen, Net4Kids and Kids Rights) has given a encourage to the initiative. The programme is being implemented in three developing economies of the wor ld namely Brazil, South Africa and India. Smile macrocosm joined hands with the crime syndicate in April 2008 and since then has been executing the programme in India. The objective is to mystify more miraculous mass to be a part of the development process and ensure sustainability of grassroots initiatives across India. by means of AFC, Smile Foundation encourages people to stand up and act to bring a change in the lives of underprivileged children and azoic days. Action For Children is based on the concept that development is a peoples issue and not just the governments concern. With this premise, the Foundation has been striving to build a civil society that owes responsibility for societal development and participate whole-heartedly in transforming the lives of underprivileged children.Through AFC, Smile Foundation encourages individuals, civil society groups, corporate houses, professional associations, schools, colleges, youth wings to participate in the development proc ess. The Action for Children programme sensitizes and involves the fortunate mass through 1. Local Actions Local Action connotes organizing an event to fuel funds for a child centric project. It can be organised by individuals, groups and institutions in their region. Local action aims at sensitization and serial involvement of the privileged mass in raising funds for children through various activities 2.KidsXL KidsXL is a school exchange programme wherein children of privileged school and underprivileged school are brought together under one platform. several(prenominal) interactive sessions and special activities are organized for the children. KidsXL aims at bringing the children from both the segments closer, thereby reducing social disparities. In the process, the children also learn to be sensitive and responsible towards the society 3. Media Advocacy The aim is to involve media in creating awareness among the people and advocating the cause before a wide audience.The Foun dation sensitizes people through documentaries, barlic Service Advertisements, news features, advocacy campaigns, rallies and so forth 4. Corporate Social Responsibility CSR aims at sensitising and involving corporates in the development process. It gives the corporates an opportunity to give back to the society. It is based on a federation model wherein corporates partner with Smile Foundation either to support the whole or a part of capital cost or foot race cost of a child centric project.The inherent objective of the programme is to ensure that the development activities become locally sustainable. For further information converge at afc. northsmilefoundationindia. org Journal 1. matter for Life Getting It Right with Children. (ED458959) Share Author(s) Swift, Madelyn Source N/A Pub Date 1999-00-00 Pub Type(s) Books Opinion Papers Peer Reviewed Descriptors AngerChild RearingChildrenCooperationDisciplineExpectationParent Child RelationshipParentsParents as TeachersPraise job SolvingSelf EsteemTeachersTimeout AbstractBased on the view that how parents discipline their children in the early years plays a significant role in determining their childs future behavior and relationships, this book offers advice for helping parents teach their children to accept responsibility for their own behavior, to form salutary relationships, develop sound and helpful communication, acquire correct principles to guide their lives, use problem solving, discover resourcefulness and negotiating skills, and deal with anger.Although addressed primarily to parents, the book is also directed to teachers and early childhood educators. The book is presented in six sections (1) The Journey Begins, introducing the fundamental principles of discipline (2) Vision, presenting a vision of parenting, including information on the current status of Americas children and suggestions for deciding what parents want to teach their children and how they can decide what lesson needs to be learned (3) Gaining Cooperation without Losing Your Mind, identifying barriers to cooperation and suggesting ways to use respectful language and teach children respect as a second language (4)Dont Start What You Cant Finish, presenting tips on using various discipline strategies and the consequences of those strategies, problem-solving strategies, and dealing with temper tantrums (5) Building Self-Esteem, discussing the importance of vanity, and presenting ways to help children develop important life beliefs paralleling the components of self-esteem (existence, accomplishment, and mistakes) and (6)The Journey Continues, reinforcing the view of parenting as a challenging process for everyone. (Contains 37 references. ) (KB) Journal 2.Knowledge, practice and attitude toward epilepsy among primary and secondary school teachers in South Gezira locality, Gezira State, Sudan Haydar E. Babikar and Islam M. Abbas1 Author information Copyright and License information Go to Abstract Object ive The attitudes toward school pupils with epilepsy are influenced by the degree of school teachers knowledge of the trouble. Teachers usually do not receive any stiff instructions on epilepsy during their training. This study aims to assess school teachers knowledge, attitude and practice when dealing with epilepsy in school children. Materials and Methods This study was part of a serial mandated by the Gezira Epilepsy Care Programme (GECP), to obtain baseline data for a community-adapted epilepsy education program.A pretested, semi-structured, 35-items questionnaire was the investigational tool. It was used to evaluate the knowledge of the basic facts about epilepsy among school teachers in this cross-sectional study. The questionnaire allowed teachers to express their opinions by means of free answers. The schools were chosen at random but not in a systematic equiprobability design. deuce one hundred teachers from public primary (100) and secondary (100) schools in the rura l area of south Gezira Locality, Gezira State, Central Sudan, were recruited. Results In this study, the majority of respondents had never been informed about epilepsy and therefore gave evasive answers to many questions.Few of the respondents considered epilepsy as contagious. None of participants objected to having epileptic children in their classes. Only 47 teachers (47%) in the primary schools had any knowledge of the initial procedures to help a child in exaltation, presenting reasonable answers, compared to 64 (64%) teachers in the secondary schools. Recommendations All school teachers should be given some kind of training in health services. The GECP should involve teachers in its current training programs for caregivers and lay association to help epileptic patients. INTRODUCTION Epilepsy, one of the most common neurological disorders worldwide, with a preponderance rate of 2.8-19. 5 per 1,000 of the general population, is more prevalent in early years of life. 1,2 It acco unts for 1% of the global burden of infirmity and about 80% of this burden is in the developing world such as Sudan, where in some areas 80-90% of affected people receive no treatment at all. Epilepsy is currently recognized by many countries and concerned associations as a public health problem. Persons with epilepsy are at the risk of developing a variety of psychological problems including depression, anxiety and psychosis. 3,4 Sociocultural attitudes continue to have a negative impact on the counselling of epilepsy in many African countries.5 The disorder is associated with superstition, discrimination and stigma in many of the countries. 6 Still deep rooted in these communities the idea that the cause of these frightening attacks is possession by evil spirits. Widespread ignorance, fear and misunderstanding has contributed negatively to the management of epilepsy. Thus, many children who have seizures of any kind are first seen and treated by religious or traditional healers . 7,8 Epileptic children suffer untold social deprivations and discrimination in education, which may be more devastating than the disease itself. 9 Children with epilepsy have the same range of intelligence and abilities as the rest of the population.10 Most children with epilepsy can and should attend normal schools, their activities there limited only by certain factors. However, the attitudes toward school pupils with epilepsy are influenced by the degree of school teachers knowledge of the disorder. 2 Teachers usually do not have any formal instructions on epilepsy during their training, so they should be correctly informed about the disorder and encouraged to have a positive and optimistic attitude toward the condition. otherwise children may be quite helpful if they are aware that the seizure is benign. They should be motivated to offer help and pass on information on epileptic care to their family and friends. 11 To date, there is little research on public attitudes toward epileptics in the Sudan.In order to ensure the proper management of epilepsy, it is important to have a clear understanding of community attitudes toward the disease. The aim of this study is to ascertain the perceptions, attitudes and beliefs of school teachers both at primary and secondary levels, in central Sudan regarding the causes, manifestations and treatment options of epilepsy in school children. MATERIALS AND METHODS A pretested, semi-structured, 35-items questionnaire was the investigational tool. It convoluted questions mainly of the yes/no/do not know variety however, it also allowed teachers to express their opinions by means of free answers. It was used to evaluate the knowledge of the basic facts about epilepsy among school teachers in this cross-sectional study.Two hundred teachers from 11 public primary (n=100) and 11 secondary (n=100) schools, in the rural area of south Gezira Locality, Gezira State, in central Sudan, were invited to participate in the study by a nswering the questionnaire. The 22 schools were chosen at random, but not in a systematic equiprobability design. The following criteria Stay beside the seizing child to protect and turn the head to one side to permit the expectoration flow keep breathing normal, were considered correct first-aid procedures for attending the seizing child. remotion of the childs shirt and nearby objects or taking him to hospital, were considered less important.Pulling the tongue out or putting a withdraw into the mouth were considered harmful and useless procedures. To verify the statistical significance of the two groups of staff or between genders, Pearson ? 2 test was used. RESULTS This study was part of a series mandated by the Gezira Epilepsy Care Programme (GECP), to obtain baseline data for a community-adapted epilepsy education program. It was designed to assess primary and secondary public school teachers, knowledge, practice on epilepsy and their attitudes toward epileptic pupils in the school. Two hundred school teachers who were recruited, responded to the questionnaire. The data relating to teachers characteristics are presented in Table 1. Their mean age was 38. 5.