Ap Human Geography Chapter 2 Study Guide

AP Human geography Chapter 2 Study black market Terms state density a measurement of the number of great deal per given unit of land arithmetic nation density the universe of a country or region expressed as an add up per unit area physiologic people density the number of mickle per unit area of arable land commonwealth distribution explanation of locations on the Earths surface where populations live dot maps maps where matchless dot represents a certain number of a phenomenon, such(prenominal) as population megalopolis border used to designate large coalescing supercities that are forming in diverse split of the cosmea census a periodic and official count of a countrys population doubling time time required for a population do double population explosion rapid fruit of worlds gay population during the last century natural increase population offshoot measured as excess of live endures over live deaths blunt birth drift (CBR) number of live births y rly per gigabyte hatful crude death rate (CDR) number of live deaths yearly per thousand people demographic diversity multi stage model of limitings in population increase in countries undergoing industrialization stationary population level (SPL) level at which national population ceases to grow population composition grammatical construction of a population in terms of age, sex, and other properties population benefits optic representation of age and sex composition of a population babe mortality rate (IMR) describes the number of babies that die within the first gear year of their lives child mortality rate (CMR) number of children that die between the first and fifth year of their lives life expectancy how long, on average, a individual may be expected to live AIDS Acquired Immune neediness Syndrome chronic diseases long lasting afflictions now more common because of higher(prenominal) life expectancies expansive population policies government policies tha t encourage large families eugenic population policies government policies to favor one racial sector regulative population olicies- government policies to reduce the rate of natural increase Notes alteration in population is calculated using the fol wiped out(p)ing Global commonwealth verbalism p1 = p0 + b(irths) d(eaths) Sub-Global Population Formula p1 = p0 + b d + i(mports) e(xports) Net Migration Formula p1 p0 + RNI + nm Types of population density arithmetic density, agricultural density, physiological density, urban density, residential density Major World Population Centers China, India, Russia, Central Europe, Asia, northeastern United States Africa, Northeast U. S. Overpopulation a generally undesirable condition where an organisms numbers go on the carrying capacity of its habitatMalthuss Theory, though incorrect, states population rate increases geometrically and the rate of food increase grows arithmetically. Demographic Transition Model (http//www. main -vision. com/richard/demographic. htm) award 1 Stage one of the demographic transition model is the most raw(a) of the stages where thither is a high fluctuating birth and death rate. Because of this there is no great population growth. These countries or even tribes have actually basic livelihood standards such as those in the Amazon rainforest where they hardly have any education, medicaments or birth rates such that population is based on food supply, health of tribe members etc.Other particularors touch are no family planning therefore many children or because of the trustingness of the people which may look at large families as a sign of verility etc. Stage 2 In this stage of the demographic transition model there are a lot of births, as yet the death rate has gone down to about 20/ honey oil infants who die. This results in a rise in population due to the fact that more infants are live. Reasons for which more people may be surviving may be infract health care, impro ved sanitation such as water etc, more transport and medical care as well as inventions relating to this. In other address this stage involves a slight modernisation in health care raising peoples living standards as well as there life expectancy.Stage 3 Stage three is the stage at which there is already a low death rate as well as a declining birth rate therefore leading to a slight increase in population. The reason for the fall in births may be due to family planning, better education, lower infant mortality rate, a more industrialised mien of life and the want for more material possesions as well as women being able to go out to work. In other words these countries are in the final stages of becoming like the western countries such as the states and those in Europe. Stage 4 Stage four is the one at which Switzerland is. There is a stable population whithout much change because both the death and birth rate are low and in some cases there are more deaths than births therefore l eading to a possible stage five. Possibly a stage five? A country such as Sweden is currently entering into the negative growth rate meaning that there are less births than deaths so that the countrys population size is decreasing leading to problems which will be discussed later on this page. A population pyramid, also called an age structure diagram, is a lifelike illustration that shows the distribution of various age groups in a population (typically that of a country or region of the world), which forms the shape of a pyramid when the population is growing. There is a predicted stage 5 of population growth that will level off at 10 billion people. The worlds population will progressively increase until it ultimately reaches this point. Geography of health is the application of geographical information, perspectives, and methods to the study of health, disease, and health care. Epidemiological transition is a phase of development witnessed by a sudden and strict increase in po pulation growth rates brought about by medical innovation in disease or sickness therapy and treatment, followed by a re-leveling of population growth from subsequent declines in fertility rates. The epidemiologic transition model represents the developments resulting from epidemiological transition (disease and treatment). The Peoples Republic of China has move anti-natalist policies, notably the one-child strategy, for over a decade. While anti-natalist government policies may be instrumental in lowering birth rate, state coercion may have unexpected and damaging results reports in 1995 suggested that abortion of female children had move around common in China, so that male female sex ratios at birth had become grotesquely imbalanced.

An in Depth Study of Marketing Strategies Followed by Marriott International Globally and in India

SYNOPSIS In this set about the precedent would like to sh ar briefly about what is market. What ar the quaternary Ps of selling i. e. the merchandise mix? Also discuss the destiny for trade in general as headspring up as in the hospitality sector. In this essay the agent would concentrate mostly upon the merchandising approaches followed in the hospitality industry. Also the essay discusses in detail the marketing strategies adopted by the Marriott world(prenominal) globally and the marketing strategies followed by the J. W. Marriott Mumbai.The essay critiques these strategies and the author runs his insight upon these and what somewhat early(a)wise strategies whitethorn be followed to further secure up the hotels execution of instrument. Chapter 1 Introduction There argon m whatsoever ways to delimit what is marketing the better of these definitions be all customer oriented and be establish on customer at 1ment. selling is the social process by which ind ividuals and collections aim what they unavoidableness and want through creating and exchanging oerlaps and grade with others. Philip KotlerWhat the author is move to say is that marketing is the interaction of the seller with his emptor to make the buyer/consumer purchase the product or servicing the seller is trying to sell. Anything an enterpriser does to sell his product or service to his emf customer depose be termed as marketing or a part of it. much people conf lend onenessself the term marketing to mean the uniform as advertisement or publicity thought to closely to extent this whitethorn be true more over in reality advertisement and publicity are small aspect of marketing.Marketing nowadays is not bonny denote superstars product or service it is the process of createing ones brand. Marketing is basi bellyachey ones dodging for allocating their resources much(prenominal) as cartridge holder and money in station to contact ones objectives althoug h no marketing system shall work for you as dour as one identifies their potential customers and masterminds them. The consumers that necessitate your product or service shall purchase them any(prenominal) way just what marketing does is it makes these potential customers aware of the products or services that you are providing. therefrom marketing is merry for any and perpetuallyy clearment as it is the key fixings in improving exchanges and and wherefore increase earningsability. Often it whitethorn go past so that you are offering a better product or services simply due to lack of appropriate marketing strategy your competition may steel forward your potential customer. Thus this brings us to why is marketing so important for each agreement. Marketing is a large topic c overing a range of aspects much(prenominal) as public relations, advertising, gross sales, and promotions.A few twelvemonths clog up the common feel in organizations was that the employe es in the marketing division were drawing large salaries for no work that they did, organizations believed that marketing was a process that was simple and could be do by anyone. This thought process may still be seen in some firms but today most organizations receipt the importance of marketing. In todays competitive market were every organization offers a outstanding product, service or a combination of both it is lonesome(prenominal) the marketing strategy the organization adopts that gives it the edge over their competition.In the inclined market scenario where consumers are educated and well aware one raise not expect to sell an inferior product to their consumers they may keep an eye on at first-class honours degree but that is where the organization shall start loosing their brand value and shall not be able to retain their customers hence in the long run it shall still be a loss. But taking an confrontation situation where the establishment is offering a superior pr oduct or service at a competitive rate but employees light or no marketing strategies shall devour plain lower sale and hence lower profitability.So to succeed a mix of note and its publicity is necessary so that the establishments potential consumers are aware of what the organization has to offer. With apt marketing strategies an organization foundation build a brad gain for itself so people shall recognise the name whenever they see it. In such a incident it may very much happen that a new-fangleder establishment say X offering the same product at a lower price may not be able to steel the original establishments customers as they will recognise the brand and were perceive that the product or service offered here is superior to a brand such as X they prevail never heard of.Such is the importance of marketing it does not exclusively jock take to product to its consumers it helps retain those customers. Marketing helps the firm in pinch what their customers expect from the organization, with this k like a shotledge it helps fulfil any other needs the customers may beat from the organization which is beneficial to the organization on many takes. little and large Marketing Largely speaking, micro marketing is concept that deals with incoming or familiarization of given product to its most suitable plane section which is its base of potential consumers.In Micro marketing, the objective is to craft or establish the most social occasionful way to persuade individuals or a group of people to give a higher consideration to your designated product over the potential competitors. Micro marketings final goal of sales is which may be achieved by following a sequence of move that are determining the customer and product relations, implementation, segmentation and by cadence of results. Other than this, there are many various ways and diverse modes to market to ones consumer which include branding, vocalise of mouth, scorement of product, and man y other such ways.With the current technological advancement greater opportunities have been made usable with the help of computers, the internet, by sending emails, text messaging, pod casting, interactive advertising and P2P ne tworks. These new methods have nearly replaced all the old approaches such as print marketing. Take for example, today news papers and magazines are increasing relying on online marketing over the traditional methodology. The terms, big marketing refers to a much broader point of economic contact amongst larger commercial enterprise entities. Macro marketing is the umbrella term for volution of inter and intra actions that sway larger entities such as global markets in Asia and U. S. to interact in terms of hole-and-corner(a) melodic line. Although one may propose that macro marketing is an idea which is strengthened on micro marketing, one rat assume the reverse preserve as well. It is explicit that small building blocks of global economy which is micro marketing will have an effect on the larger fork over or say the larger building blocks such as macro marketing may have an influence the micro marketing by altering the very dynamics of markets, demands, and many similar factors.By this we potful say that the two concepts are inter-dependent. The interaction between macro and micro marketing is what determines the outcome of marketing efforts. Chapter 2 Content In this inscription the author would like to about the importance of marketing in the hospitality industry. Marketing is necessary in the hospitality industry for both profit and the welfare of the industry. Marketing helps in improving room occupancy and calculate of covers as primarily it brings in more customers.Other than this how it affects the welfare of the organization is by giving the organization the k flatledge they need to bring their product and services up to their customers requirements this helps in customer satisfaction hence ensuring the leaf no des cede stay or visit for a meal apart from this it helps in brand building for the organization as the best publicity is one that spreads by word of mouth and it is merely a deeply well-to-do guest that goes out and praises the hotel he/she stayed at.Marketing is not just a set of skills or techniques that may be use to enhance satisfaction for many organizations it may represent the very way of doing business. Marketing is not just outside the hotel employees need to market what they have to offer to the guests that are staying with them as well. What the hotel has to offer must be made aware to the guests staying at the hotel this is not only to help increase revenues but it alike attention in improving guest satisfaction.To plan a marketing strategy a twist of decisions must be taken first some of which are, firstly the head of the marketing department must sit with the other HODs including the corporate heads and get an understanding of what are the objectives they plan to obtain from it other than this putting unitedly the objectives of marketing in general reckon allotted to the same must also be decided. Before be after a marketing strategy the marketing employees must know their space well, they must have complete knowledge of the prime prospects the home has to offer and their competitors.To start with they must set up realistic objectives that eject be achieved easily and then begin formulating their marketing plan. A marketing strategy must be disciplined where in all the decisions that lead to re piece are in a sequence with a sound strategic plan. The marketing plan must be achievement oriented but at the same time it must be flexible so it is applicable to all the departments of the hotel and should be adjustable if required to increase effectiveness. To achieve a marketing plan that can fulfil these requirements one may use the four factors of the marketing mix. Marketing Mix is one of the most commonplace terms in marketing it i s also cognize as the four Ps of marketing as it is based on four main factors that are product, place, price and promotion. The four Ps are parameter that a manager can use to control the marketing environment so as to obtain demonstrable results from the target market. Neil Borden in 1953, in his American Marketing Association presidential address, took the idea of James Culliton (1948) one step further and the term marketing-mix was coined. aft(prenominal) which a prominent marketer by the name E.Jerome McCarthy, proposed a four Ps classification in 1960, which has seen wide use ever since. The author would like to elaborate what are these four Ps and their importance in establishing an efficient marketing plan. Product an object or service that is produced on large scales with set volumes taking in to bank bill a market study that helps decide this volume of production. Place represents the place the object or service may be purchased. In the case of an object it may also refer to the modes of distribution of the object to the target market.Even for certain services this may apply such as outdoor catering but in the case of the hotel industry this may often not be possible so it applies more only to the status only. Although the channels through which it may be promoted may pillow the same. Price would represent the price a customer must hand to purchase the object or use the service. The price is determined varied factors such as the costs involved, the competitors price but most importantly what is the perceived value for the product or service for your target market. Promotion is basically the communication a marketer would use to promote his/her product or service in the market this may be of any sort such as advertising word of mouth or through public relations. Advertising is any conformation of communication that has to be paid for such as on the video write downing or the radio, etc. where as public relation is where the firm does no t pay directly it is in the form of endorsements, sponsorship deals, trade fairs and exhibitions. Largely defined, optimizing the marketing mix is the key duty of marketing.Offering a product or service with the appropriate mixture of the four Ps marketers can enhance their results and marketing effectiveness. Making a small change in the marketing mix is considered to be a tactical change and a large change in the four Ps is considered strategic. The author would talk about the marketing strategies adopted by the J. W. Marriott Mumbai also a brief about the Marriott International in India and globally. In order to do this the author would first talk about Marriott International first so we have an idea as to why these marketing strategies may have been adopted.Marriott International, Inc. is a global operative and franchisor of a broad assortment of hotels and associated lodgment facilities. Its world renowned Spirit to Serve company culture, customer nidus and employee-centred p ractices have led to the company being called the most admired in its industry (Fortune Magazine). Marriott Internationals legacy can be traced back to founder J. Willard Marriotts experiences as a Mormon missionary who later started operate a root beer stand. He and his wife, Alice, undecided the stand in majuscule, D. C. , in 1927.From there to now where the Key Bridge Marriott in Arlington, Virginia that is Marriott Internationals longest operating hotel, and will celebrate its 50th day of remembrance in 2009. This goes to show that Marriott has come a long way. Their son and current hot seat and Chief Executive Officer, J. W. (Bill) Marriott, Jr. has led the company to spectacular ecumenical growth. Today, Marriott International has over 3,200 hotels and lodging properties situated in the United States and in 66 other countries and territories. 1927 J. Willard Marriott got married to Alice Sheets in Salt Lake City, Utah, and moved to Washington DC with his new bride.That s pring, J. Willard and Alice subject a nine-stool Root Beer stand, which they later call The sweltry Shoppe. Winter 1927/1928 Hot Mexican food for thought items are added to the circuit card at the The Hot Shoppe 1929 The Hot Shoppe Inc. , officially incorporated, invents curb service. 1934 Hot Shoppe expands to Baltimore, Maryland. 1937 They began air duct catering begins at Hoover. This division was named In-Flite Catering and served to the Capital, Eastern, and American Airlines. 1939 Marriott landed their first ever food-service management contract with the U. S. Treasury.During World War II, The Hot Shoppes feed thousands of workers who moved to the nations capital to work for the defence industry. 1945 The 1st Hot Shoppes cafeteria was established at McLean Gardens, Washington DC. Hot Shoppes also landed their first government feeding contract. In-Flite got their first airport term food-service contract at Miami International Airport. 1953 Marriott stock became public at $10. 25/share and sold out in two hours. 1955 Marriott Food suffice got their first institutional and school feeding contracts at Childrens Hospital and American University.Marriotts Highway Division opened several Hot Shoppes on the New Jersey turnpike. 1957 Marriott opened their 1st hotel, a 365-room property by the name Twin Bridges Motor Hotel in Arlington, Virginia. 1964 J. W. Marriott, Jr. , was named President. 1965 Marriott world was established. 1967 Corporate name is changed from Hot Shoppes Inc. , to Marriott Corporation. The company opened their Fairfield leaven Kitchens, a food production and purchasing facility in topper Heights, Maryland. In-Flite opened a facility in Venezuela Marriott acquires Camelback Inn, its first resort property, and bought over Bobs Big Boy Restaurants. 969 Marriotts 1st international hotel opens in Acapulco, Mexico. 1972 J. W. Marriott, Jr. , was named CEO. 1973 The connection obtained their first hotel-management contracts. 1975 Marrio tt opened their 1st European hotel in Amsterdam, Holland. 1976 The telephoner opened two theme position, both called Great America, that were situated in Santa Clara, California, and Gurnee, Illinois respectively. 1977 The follow celebrated their 50th anniversary and the sales toped $1 billion. 1979 A new corporate headquarter was built in Bethesda, Maryland. 1981 Opened their 100th hotel in Hawaii. 982 The Company acquired Host International, Inc. 1982 Marriott acquired Ginos and converted it to Roy Rogers. 1983 1st court hotel was inaugurated. 1984 Marriott entered the vacation, time-share and senior-living markets. 1985 J. Willard Marriott, Sr. , passed away. Marriott Distribution summation opened in Savage, Maryland. 1987 Marriott acquired Residence Inn Company and entered the lower-moderate lodging segment with Fairfield Inn. 1989 500th hotel was inaugurated in Warsaw, Poland Bridges. Marriott also started a Foundation for People with Disabilities. 990 Pathways to emanci pation which was Marriotts Welfare to Work Program was established. 1993 The Company split into two Marriott International and Host Marriott Corporation. 1995 Marriott acquired the Ritz-Carlton Hotel Company, LLC. 1997 Marriott acquired the Renaissance Hotel Group and introduces brands such as TownePlace Suites, Marriott Executive Residences and Fairfield Suites brands. 1998 Marriott opened their 1,500th hotel. Sales reached $8 billion. Sodexho Alliance acquired Marriotts food-service and facilities-management businesses.Marriott acquired 98% of the Ritz-Carlton Hotel Company, LLC. 1999 Marriott acquired the ExecuStay corporate housing company. 2000 The 2,000th Marriott property opened in Tampa, Florida. 2002 Marriott celebrated their 75th anniversary. The company now had over 2,300 hotels, 156 of age(p) Living Services Communities with over 200000 associates, and were operational in 63 countries and territories with annual sales of over $20 billion. 2002 Marriott announced the sal e of its Senior Living Services Communities and the Marriott Distribution Services. 002 Marriott opened its 500th extended-stay hotel, which comprised of a jibe of 400 Residence Inns and 100 TownePlace Suites. 2002 Fairfield Inn opened their 500th hotel in Rogers, Arkansas. 2002 Marriott opened their 2,500th hotel worldwide, with the completion of the 950-room JW Marriott Desert Ridge Resort & Spa that was located in Phoenix, Arizona. 2002 Marriott had increased its North American market share to 8% total. 2003 Marriott revenue totalled up to $9 billion in 2003 and in $476 trillion as gross profits.Marriott added over 31,000 rooms and multiplicationhare units in the year 2003, take the global system to 2,718 hotels and timeshare units which made up for the unbelievable 490,564 rooms that Marriott now had globally. 2003 Marriott completed the sale of their Senior Living Service Communities and the Marriott Distribution Services. 2003 Marriott Courtyard opened their 500th hotel in Minneapolis Downtown and SpringHill Suites opened their 100th hotel in Dallas-Addison, Texas 2004 Ramada International opened their 200th hotel in Amsterdam.Marriott revenues totalled to a sum of $10 billion in 2004 and $594 million as net profit. 500,000th room opened in London, located at the West India Quay Marriott Hotel in Canary berth district of London. 2004 Marriott Rewards welcomed their 20,000,000th member. Marriott Vacation Club International celebrated their 20th anniversary. 2005 Marriott announced the sale of Ramada International hotels. Marriott and Whitbread completed the transaction, forming a 50/50 joint venture to got hold of Whitbreads portfolio of 46 franchised Marriott and Renaissance hotels of more than 8,000 rooms.As element of the joint venture agreement, Marriott took over campaign of the hotels, and the joint venture mean to sell them to new owners subject to long term Marriott management agreements. In 2007, Marriott celebrated two significant milesto nes in Marriotts history. The first was the 80th anniversary of our founding and the second was 50th anniversary of their ingress into the hotel business. The 80 year old heritage of innovation and spirit to serve, Bill Marriott launched a blog in January that was called Marriott on the Move. On January 8th 2007 Marriott. om set a eternalize by generating more than 55,000 reservations in one day, posting a record 55,109 reservations that generated over $17 million in gross revenue. Starting from February, restaurants in more than 2,300 Marriott hotels all through the U. S. and Canada no longer used partially-hydrogenated oils which were a primary source of Trans fats, this culmination of an eight-year effort. Marriott is honoured with 2007 ENERGY STAR carry on Excellence Award from U. S. Environmental Protection Agency. The company is well on its way to meet its goal to reduce greenhouse gases by 6% per guest room by 2010.The J. W. Marriott Mumbai is the only hotel of the brand J . W. Marriott in India. The J. W. Marriott Mumbai is located in a fashionable and up-market Juhu celestial sphere . It overlooks the scenic waters of the Arabian Sea, J. W. Marriott Mumbai is the selectred hotspot of Bollywood celebrities and stars. This world class resort style hotel is except 20 minutes from the domestic and the international airports and is in close proximity to most of Mumbais major business parks. The Hotel is home to the only one of its amiable spa in Mumbai called The Quan Spa and the stylish nightclub Enigma.At the J. W. Marriott Mumbai they have world class Food and Beverage offerings, the Hotel houses some of Indias restaurants that specialise in Italian, Thai, Teppanyaki and Indian cuisines respectively. As Mumbai is the Financial Capital of India so the hotel had plenty of business travellers but due to its location and the hotel being fame hotspot vacuous travellers pickred to stay at the Marriott over the other properties in Mumbai. The J. W. M arriott Mumbai is a 355 room property spread over louvre floors. It has 9 come across rooms and a total of over 16500 sq. t in meeting space. S. W. O. T. Analysis of the J. W. Marriott Mumbai Strengths Location (Place) Built in Mumbai the pecuniary capital on India in the repute strewn locality of Juhu. It is located on the beach with a beautiful attend of the Arabian Sea a luxury business hotel that offers even its business travellers the feel of living in a resort. Ease of Access it is just 20 minutes away from both the domestic and the international airports and is closely located to the business parks in the city. Food and Beverage outlets the J. W.Marriott Mumbai has three world class military posture restaurants Indian, Italian and oriental cuisines respectively along with this they have a 24 hour multi cuisine coffee shop, a cake shop, a white-tie bar at the lobby level and a nightclub. All together the hotel ensure that a guest staying with the Marriott shall neve r find the need to go outside the hotel for any of their Food and beverage needs. Brand the J. W. Marriott is one of the highest value brands under Marriot International there are only 40 or so the world and only the one in India so making it exclusive.It is a brand that is looked up to globally hence for someone that has never been to Mumbai even shall book here looking at the brand alone. Service the Marriott close to the world is renowned for their culture Sprit to Serve. This goes to show that the service at the J. W. Marriott Mumbai was exceptional and always ensured that their customers were more than just satisfied with their stay. The hotel has nine meeting rooms, fast internet access in the rooms as well as in all the public areas in the hotel along with any other services a business traveller may need made available at the push of a button. The J. W. Marriott houses a one of a kind Quan Spa and other recreational facilities such as a pool overlooking the sea along wit h a common salt water pool yoga sessions held daily. Weaknesses The J. W. Marriott Mumbai was built a quite some time back it came into operation a few years after it was entirely furnished so even thought the hotel has been renovated a few times it still require a major up gradation in its interiors especially the bathrooms fixtures. Though its location is in a popular area that is strewn with celebrities it is still located in the suburb hence the niche business cliental that has work in south Mumbai usually do not prefer to stay here. As the Marriott has a mix of both business and well vacuous travellers it can not concentrate on either typeface of the cliental completely and often cannot market the hotel appropriately. Opportunities The J. W. Marriott Mumbai would increase customer satisfaction comfortably by refurbishing the rooms and bathrooms. Competitive pricing would help increasing the hotel business. It is the only hotel of its standard in the vicinity. Threats Th ere is traffic congestion upon the road discipline outside the Marriott during rush hour which makes it hard to get in or out of the hotel even. The hotel has security threats as it is right on the beach. The author would now talk about the marketing strategies adopted by the J. W. Marriott Mumbai.Guest trueness programs Marriott rewards programs is the true program, where when a guest spends 1000 dollar and earns 10 points or 2 miles Guest after collection certain amount of points can redeem them with free stay at any of Marriott property. Other than the obvious where this helps in enhancing guest satisfaction. This helps the company by getting loyalty from guest and it also ensures that the guest stays only in Marriott properties world wide. Guests get to different level after spending certain nights and the rewards increase as the level increase.The various levels are as follows base level that is the entry level in a higher place this is the silver level where the guest a 7 2 hr prior reservation the then there is the gold level where the guest gets a 48 hr prior reservation two way transfer lounge access and so on to platinum and platinum premium where the guests get reservations 24 hours prior all the other advantages along with P6 amenities. Along with this the guests get points for every purchase and discounts at the food and beverage outlets as well as at the spa. Corporate rate special range offered to corporate houses or companies judging by the business they will bring in the future.Package rates special rates for guests taking an all meals inclusive plan or even for a single meal. Group rate a special rate for a group staying with the hotel as they bring in volume sales. Online marketing, advertising online for the hotel and what they have to offer. Regional offers special regional offers that the hotel may offer during the time of need such as a slack period. By advertising on the hotel cars to increase awareness in the target market. B y improving motion of the new employees and to improve their talent and motivating them so they in turn will help increase guest satisfaction.These are the marketing strategies that are followed globally and at the J. W. Marriott Mumbai. Chapter 3 Critique Although the J. W. Marriott Mumbai offers numerous promotional offers to its customers as part of its marketing strategies but there are still some shortcomings at that the author would like to elaborate on. Firstly the J. W. Marriott targets both leisure travellers as well as business travellers hence its marketing strategies are mixed and do not completely target either of the markets.Hence they decompress out customers in both these sectors the business travellers may prefer to stay at the business hotels in South Mumbai and the leisure may prefer to stay at the resort hotels located at stiff Island as these hotels not only offer better holiday packages but are also more cost effective. Guest loyalty programs today are very common every hotel chain offers their own loyalty program hence there is nothing unique about these programs any more and they fail to draw customers so marketers today say that running these loyalty programmes is not cost efficient anymore.The author would like to show as to what marketing strategies according to him the J. W. Marriott Mumbai must practise in order to perform better. To start with at the Marriott they must devise separate packages for leisure travellers and for business travellers this way not only does the hotel have larger number of targeted clients but by targeting them apiece the hotel can identify their needs separately and increase customer satisfaction by this considerably, it shall also assist in improving guest satisfaction considerably.The hotel must capitalise on their view and promote it on the nucleotide of that. As all the hotels shall offer the same services but the advantage they have here at the Marriott is that they can offer the guest he/she m ay not get anyplace else in Mumbai. The hotel can also promote the hotel as a celebrity hub this may help increase the accommodation as leisure travellers may like to know that they are staying at a hip location percentage but will drastically the number of covers and the spa and other such recreational activities usage by the locals.The hotel is located very close to both the domestic as well as the international airports hence providing an ideal stay for guest that are on a unshakable schedule and have no time to waste in travel. The marketers at the Marriott can devise a marketing strategy around this as well. The J. W. Marriott has some of the finest restaurants in the city it also houses one of the most popular night clubs in the city so this may be used to attract leisure travellers. Chapter 4 Conclusion In the document above the author stated the marketing approaches that Marriott uses globally and in their Mumbai property.The author then offered his insight on these approac hes and offered a few other approaches that the hotel may fit to in order to perform better. But we must take into vizor that even though flawed or cost ineffective some marketing strategies such guest loyalty programs may not be discontinued as firstly the guests that are already using these programs shall be deeply dissatisfied other that this since most hotel chains today are offering these programs the guests today expect to get such offers and may not choose to stay with the hotel if such are not in place.So though not having these programs may be profitably in the offshoot but a global brand like Marriott cannot afford to loose out on customers on a long term basis at such a small price. What the author would like to refrain by saying so is that not much may be done about the marketing strategies globally but a marketing division in each hotel must be present that shall have decision making authority so as to implement regional marketing strategies based on the four Ps of the marketing mix or even out side them to ensure that the hotels performance is enhanced.Bibliography Books Effective Marketing, Alan H. Anderson and Thelma Dobson The Great Marketing Turnaround, Stan Rapp and Tom Collins Marketing-Led strategical Change, Nigel Piercy Marketing Management (2005) , Prentice Hall Kotler Philip, Keller Lane Web Pages www. blog. marketo. com/blog/2007/01/why_you_need_ma. html www. marriott. com www. CitizenBase. org www. marketing. about. com www. themarketingmentor. com www. marketmyproducts. com

Elizabeth looked Essay

Discuss the significance of this statement inwardly the execute and the wider political and historical contexts. The play, The Crucible, portrays a community which is base on paranoid accusations of witchcraft ending in mass hysteria. The accusations lead to dozens of alleged witches being prosecuted in the mom colony resulting in the death of nineteen people being hung and one pressed to death, everyplace the following two years.Set in the small town of Salem, Massachusetts during 1692, it depicts one man, tooshie watch over, in his struggle to keep his pride and reveal from being destroyed with lies, deceit and accusations of consorting with Satan. In 1915 Arthur moth miller was born in New York City where he grew up. When he was older, in 1934, he paying(a) for himself to enroll at the University of Michigan and graduated in 1938. Then during 1953 he published The Crucible but was then later criticized for being an Anti-American.Arthur Miller was intrigued by the witch trials of the 17th Century Salem, but he was likewise concerned with United States political pointts parts of which were opposing the spread of communism. The McCarthyism era, in 1938, was created and led by Senator Joseph McCarthy, it was on the basis that communism was spreading and would cave and destroy capitalism. McCarthy gave across the point that communism was to be feared and that it was a nemesis to America. Slowly Americans seemed to grasp his paranoid ideas and began to eradicate communism from the country. fast one follows statement, I have given you my soul leave me my appoint is significant within the play and also outside of it. Proctor was a village person, who lived in a small, friendly community where everybody knows each some other and so a designation would mean a lot active that person living in that community. For that reason Proctor wishes to keep his hang as it is because he believes that it is the only thing he has leave to cumber onto. Yet ou tside of the play labels are formed for specific groups much(prenominal) as communists and capitalists. A name has been a strong idea throughout history where Kings are recognised by their names and everyone is given a name at birth.One of the primary(prenominal) characters in Arthur Millers play is John Proctor. He was known in Salem as having a blue moral status and being a respectable, honest and hard running(a) stirer. John Proctor and his wife Elizabeth Proctor had 3 children John tended to the farm while Elizabeth looked after the house and children. He had a strong article of faith that he should stick to what he believes by holding his head luxuriously against accusations and immoral justifications. He stands up for himself when he is told to sign the confession written document to be nailed onto the church door and does not let people over come him.You allow for not use me I am no Sarah Good or Tituba, I am John Proctor You will not use me It is no part of salvation that you should use me John Proctor is a character who, since the start, denounced the whole proceedings of the Witch Trials dirty and that the afflicted girls were liars. This builds up a life changing dilemma where he is accused of witchcraft and eventually will be hung unless he confesses to working(a) with the devil. One of the choices he could take was to lie he was to sign his name to a document confirming he performed witchery while in association with Lucifer.This outcome would result in him allow down this wife, children, his friends and even the people who have already been hung for witchery. Although ultimately he would be letting himself down and losing his pride and honour. The other choice he could take was death. Proctor ultimately chooses death as he wanted to hold onto, what was left of, his pride, honour and reputation. During this execution he pleaded for a little respite of meter while claiming he was not fit to die. His plea was, of course, unsuccessful. A nother main character is Abigail Williams she is revealed to show her true malicious self as the play progresses.

Learning Agreement Essay

In R Tours, I was assigned in the Inbound Department and I larn a lot from there. One of the main duties in the department is the incoming operation. The inbound operation consists of several tasks. First to create interesting and clear hang-up packages, then, promote them loc entirelyy and internationally and finally handling them. We whitethorn receive request or booking by telephone, fax, letter or email from individuals, local and international concourses.Most of the time a prescript booking will have randomness on the type of act package chosen, the length of stay, the number of muckle and additional service essential such as a buffet set up or else of an a la carte menu or providing the welcome revel in the airport instead of the hotel. Normally we reply by thanking the somebody or the foreign company involves and we include all the necessary reading such as the detailed itinerary, the cost of the racing circuit and most key our confirmation for handling the cr istal. Then we will wait to get a confirmation from them before principal sumting to make all arrangements and preparations.The confirmation includes the visit and time of arrival, the flight number if they be arriving by air mat, physiques sum total passport numbers of clients and the mannering list. It is only after receiving the confirmation that we begin to excogitate on arranging and preparing the booking of hotels, restaurants, transportation vehicles, museum tickets and sometimes airlines tickets if they are particularise to fly to the south of the country. We also, arrange the visas and prepare the travel insurance. We assign people who are going to take care of the pigeonholing such as lap leader, tour guide and driver.Then we prepare the reservation forms and we aerate them to our suppliers. The reservation form includes the services requested and the number of pax and sometimes more information tally to the kind of supplier. In a crusade of a hotel for exampl e, the reservation form will include extra information such as the date of checking in and out, the number and what type of room and type of payment. Suppliers may be hotel, resort, motel, museum, restaurant, theme park, car rental, motor-coach company, a marina, a diving center or anything else.During peak season we have difficulties in acquire the right accommodation or some other services that was mentioned in the tour package, in this kind of situation we, must hypothesise of an alternative and inform the client about the changes and finally when both of us agree we proceed with the arrangement. The next task is to handle the group from the setoff mean solar day to the last day. The most important rule with the western group is being punctual because they are used to it and they do not resembling to wait for anything or anybody even from their own group. Make sure everything goes according to the itinerary timing. every the employees and suppliers involve must take this int o consideration. In exemplar of lateness they may complaint and even ask for refund for that particular service. All the time make sure that everything is ready in advance. For example, during the arrival day, the tour guide and the motor coach must be present at the airport at least one hour before the plane lands and provide the tour guide with a polished board having the name of the group to make it easier for the group to find him. We need to monitor the group every single day and keep in touch with the tour leader.All the international groups have their tour leader and building an exquisite intercourse or relation with him or her is genuinely important because the tour leader is the one in charge of the entire group and he or she plays a very important role to insure that the tour is conducted as planned. Carrying daily briefing with him or her helps to find out what happened the day before and if any change has to be done for the next day. In the department we need to car ry meetings to resolve any kind of paradox during the tour. I learned to build strong relation with our suppliers to minimize the chore and complications.In the beginning I was facing many problems of getting what I wanted and it used to take days of negotiation before getting it. I realized that certain suppliers such as five star hotels or dine dining restaurants were not responding positively to our request because they were preferring to visual sense directly with the customers or with reputed tour operator company. According to their opinion, we were not suitable or capable of bringing much business and I was really disappointed by their discrimination and behavior provided my personal and communication skills helped me to accomplish whatever I wanted from them.It is sad to realize that they are used to work this way, they dont easily cooperate with small companies and I needed to win their trust. Finally they decided to really do business with me and everything was workin g smoothly after that. I think and see that these hotels or any other suppliers should cooperate and build a recrudesce relationship with the small tour operators in order to benefit from individually other. I definitely agree that we were not in the same aim as those large tour operators such as Z Tours but we proved to these hotels income as well.However, I was pleased that after many months of unverbalized work, we were able to increase the number of bookings with them month after month. During my time pass in R Tours, I learned to better understand the outgrowth of handling tour packages. Now I am more footsure of myself and well prepared due to all the experience that I had acquired man working there. I would like to conclude by saying that inbound operation is about using your capabilities, trying your strength in all the different tasks involves and be able to solve any problem misfortune during the tour by relating to your learning experience at the work place.

Superstition in a Taiwanese Family

Final authorship Assignment Superstitions in my family Talking about credulitys is a common situation in my family, and in ours modern societies. Even the more savvyable mortal at least once in his life had been superstitious. Even if we argon not extreme in this belief whom had never crossed their leafs or ran away if we see a black cat. We all even unconsciously trust in fate, good or bad luck. Some heap be rattling extreme in their belief of superstitions just now I tend to think that is a way for them more easily to submit some facts whenever the science can not explain it.Superstitions ar not limited to a revealicular part of the globe, slew, or community. All superstitions exist, in one form or another, and make grow different degrees of implication. Superstitions are passed on from one generation to another, through habits or religious causes. No interrogative that less educated people are more sensitive to these cerebrates because their collar of the world and sciences are limited. I am however a demythologised and educated person. I tend to believe more in reason than feeling only when I also happen to be superstitious.My superstitions are those ones my family has, and more precisely my yield conveyed to me. Also my country, Taiwan, where I have cock-a-hoop up is full of superstitious beliefs. Superstitions are a trustworthy part of the Asian culture. I totally experience it everyday in my appropriate family. Some examples of common superstitions of my culture are you have to knock the limen when you enter a room in a hotel in invest to tell the ghosts that they have to leave. Or do not use your finger to point the moon or you take the risk to get your ears cut.Another, the nearly common in all over the world as sanitary as in my country is the belief is link to a good turn for us the number four which pronunciation in Chinese is unfeignedly close to the word, die. The another is that a black cat crossing your line can affect your luck, something bad will happen to you soon or later. Firstly, I think it is important to know what a superstition is check to The Oxford Dictionary, superstition is excessively credulous belief in and reverence for the supernatural.A widely held but irrational belief in supernatural influences, especially as leading to good or bad luck, or a practice based on such a belief. Now for the actually scientific mind this belief can seem totally stupid or wrong. But I tend to think that there is no real rational explanation to this belief, we just follow those superstitions because we may be unconsciously afraid of the consequences in next second if we do not follow. For example, my stimulate used to tell me since I am a kid that do not whistle during night because hypothetically some ghost could be attract by the sound and follow me home.The elder generation really keeps and respects this kind of belief and we grow up with. Lots of people in Taiwan respect those believe that most of foreigners who do not know it and make the mistake are rapidly warned. Maybe this superstition could seem preposterous but most of people here believe in it, so you tend to believe too. For other example, in my family everybody believes that during the Ghosts month, it is uncomely to travel, to marry, to swim, or stay late outside at night because they believe that all the ghosts of the universe walk on the earth during that month.So, that is why my mother asks me not to stay out at night because she wants to prevent whatever possibility that I meet any of this unknown but maybe dangerous ghosts. My country may be full of superstitions but umteen of them can be mock through scientific experimentation. For example, my mother believes that a woman during her pregnancy cannot use any sharp tool or glue without take the risk that her baby gets some bad after-effects. So does it mean that during all her pregnancy, she cannot use a knife so she cannot eat up meat by her self.If we think more reasonably I do not see which does not enter the body can get the baby any consequences. This superstition must have evolved with the science but still in Taiwan that lots of family believe in it and really pay attention to pregnant woman. I ignore from where this superstition comes from but we still scare of the unknown and invisible things. In conclusion, the superstitions had been through centuries brought blue from our ancestors. All these superstitions affect peoples life and have been unbroken and brought forward until now.In Taiwan superstitions are a real part of our customs and traditions. I really think that my family is really affected by these beliefs and carve up between tradition and modernity. Eventually though I am a realistic person, I sometime get caught up in my mothers superstitions. I do not believe in superstition but unconsciously, I put myself into these through my youth. These superstitions are more than only simple beliefs they are my culture, and my identity. I would love to know how people of my generation and other countries reside their proper superstitions.

Guest Loyalty Programs

Implementing a knob homage Program is a form of building a loyal invitee base, and also stimulate new guests to patronize a particular business concern establishment. The inclusion of node homage Programs is part of managing a business establishment that aims to develop arduous and desirable relationships with its clients and take advantage of their worth for the business, such as added revenue. Primarily, Guest allegiance Programs attract guests and instigates them to return for more offers and services. (Otwell & Davis, 2005) Moreover, guests who frequent business establishments argon awarded benefits and advantages in order to repoint appreciation for their loyalty and patronage by the commitment ProgramGuest Loyalty Programs come in variant forms. For instance, businesses give up guests who frequent their establishments to earn advantage points for their all(prenominal) visit in the establishment. These points allow them to redeem added services and offers that fi t their most pressing needs. These benefits admit for type health and relaxation services such as watering place treatment services and a day at the gym programs for highlife hotels, food discounts, freebies and gift certificates for restaurants, etc. while others include panegyric unspoiled course meals of breakfast, lunch, or dinner buffets, etc.In order to actualise a better understanding of Guest Loyalty Programs, several examples that be widely used at present in business establishments shall be comp atomic number 18d and contrasted in the following paragraphs. palpable Results Limited has launched an innovation for the purpose of Loyalty Programs, called the Graphicard. The Graphicard is a form of a loyalty card the exceeds the standards of ordinary membership cards that we know of.The Graphicard is digitized and it incorporates elements of technology that make it easier to use and track protrude accumulated points as well as the corresponding benefits that shall be disposed(p) to the client. For every transaction in the particular establishment that a client makes, it is reflected on the face of the card. Moreover, as the client accumulates more points, the benefits and advantages granted to him be also reflected on the face of the card. (Visible Results, 2006)The good thing about it is that it updates itself for every transaction, it shows value for every transaction that the client makes, it utilizes a pointing system that is involve to establishing the particular Loyalty Program, it is much more enticing than other Loyalty Programs because it employs high technology, which represents the current trend, and it also accumulates all the benefits and services that be incurred during a specific period of time, with the clients continuous patronage.Another example of a Guest Loyalty Program is one that is employed by the bazaar travel Lines. It also implements subscriptions for a membership card called the atomic number 78 card wherein a client gets to be a member of the amusement park Concierge Club. Upon membership, the client is automatically granted specific and identified benefits and services that he may enjoy while aboard the ship. Benefits and services include individualise club items such as stationeries, priority laundry services and dinner reservations, etc. (Carnival cruise Lines, 2006)The similarity between the Graphicard and the loyalty program utilise by Carnival Cruise Lines is that they both grant benefits and services to their clients. However, the residual lies on how clients are included in the program and what benefits and services shall be granted to them. For instance, the Graphicard shall be given to clients and the benefits and services that they receive shall depend on how often they use the card. On the other hand, the loyalty program of Carnival Cruise Lines shall only be awarded to clients who have sailed with their ships for over ten time and the benefits and services that shall b e granted to them is fixed and applies for all.Some industry better practices that businesses employ include personalized loyalty programs that allows clients to get involved with how they locomote members of loyalty programs (such as personalizing membership card themes and mode of payments, etc.), partnership merchandise or an business establishments links to other establishments and cheek in order to provide benefits and services for clients wherever they are, green merchandise or a business establishments involvement with genius that allows him to establish a socially responsibly image and reputation, and digitized types of membership. (Pearson, 2007)Business establishments are able to implement different types of guest loyalty programs. Rewards Loyalty Programs allow customers to earn points for their every transaction. Accumulated points are redeemed through rewards that the business establishment shall grant to their clients. Rebate Loyalty Programs provide for gift che cks or cards that the client is able to redeem during the next transaction. Usually rebate checks and cards are granted to clients if they reach a certain sum up throughout their course of spending within the business establishment.Loyalty Programs that show appreciation to the continued patronage of their clients are not granted in monetary form. They are usually non-monetary benefits and services such as complimentary meals in restaurants, room upgrades in hotels, etc. Partnership Loyalty Programs are benefits or services awarded to clients that are provided for by the business partner establishment. For treasured guests who have proved their loyalty to the business establishment, the loyalty program by affinity is implemented, such that benefits and services are additions to preview rewards and bonuses. (Summers)Guest Loyalty Programs are made if it encourages clients to purchase or patronize services and offers provided by a business establishment. After the clients primary experience, he is convinced to return to the particular business establishment. Basically, loyalty programs are successful for the obvious facts that they attract many clients, not only to the point of attracting them except also in making them stay. Moreover, successful loyalty programs are those, which encourage clients to spend more, thus, increasing the revenue of the business establishment. (Customer Service Point)The advantages of employing different approaches in Guest Loyalty Programs is that it motivates clients who have already been a member eagle-eyed before, to learn more and explore about the new offerings of the business establishment. Moreover, innovations are appreciated by clients because of the efforts that business establishments do to satisfy their clients. Generally, people are always encourage to try things that are new to them, so introducing sophisticated loyalty programs shall motivate them to continue patronizing the services that business establishments provide.The evil is that, perhaps, new members who have been part of the previous loyalty program strength get discouraged if the system of improvering points and earning rewards, without having them to accumulate points in order to gain rewards, is changed ever so often. In addition, membership cards that are call for to be renewed for the changes in loyalty programs might become costly for clients who have to pay for the membership again. (De Weaver, 2002)ReferencesCarnival Cruise Lines. (2006). Carnival Cruise Lines Rolls Out New Past Guest LoyaltyProgram. Retrieved April 17, 2008, from Carnival Cruise Lines.Customer Service Point. (2008). Loyalty Programs Characteristics. Retrieved April 17, 2008,from Customer Service Point. Website http//www.customerservicepoint.com/loyalty-programs-characteristics.htmlDe Weaver, G. (2002). The Good, Bad, and Ugly of Loyalty Programs. Retrieved April 17,2008, from B&T Today. Website http//www.bandt.com.au/news/6a/0c010f6a.aspOtwell, K. & D avis, D. (2005). Guest Loyalty Programs for the Vacation rental Industry.Retrieved April 17, 2008, from Visual Data Systems. Website http//www.vdsys.com/presentations/garezfest.pdfPearson, B. The Global Loyalty Infusion Best Practices and Innovations somewhat the World.Retrieved April 17, 2008, from Penton Media, Inc. Website http//chiefmarketer.com/cm_report/global_loyalty_0211/index.htmlSummers, J. (2008). Five Types of Loyalty Programs Which is Right For You? RetrievedApril 17, 2008, from Restaurant Coaching Solutions. Website http//restaurantcoachingsolutions.com/five-types-of-loyalty-programs-which-is-right-for-you/Visible Results. (2006). Graphicard. Retrieved April 17, 2008, from Visible ResultsLimited. Website http//www.visibleresults.com/loyalty/graphicard.htm

Introduction to Business: Walmart Essay

1.Un respectable BusinessEthics is defined as beliefs about what is accountability and slander or good and bad in actions that imprint others.( Therefore, unethical behaviour is behaviour that is believed to be bad or wrong actions or decisions. Other definition about ethics is the activity of examining the deterrent example standards of a society, and asking how these standards apply to angiotensin converting enzymes life and whether these standards ar reasonable (Velasquez, 1998 pg 11). Ethics ar based on personal or social beliefs. Furthermore, these beliefs are our moral standards, and moral standards differ among individuals. Thus, no one can say with certainty that a particular action is right or wrong and good or bad.Business ethics refers to ethical or unethical behaviour of a unwaverings employer. wrong business refer to decision made by employer with getting utmost profit as the main reason and other parties such as employees and customers receives negative effec ts. For example, a firm advertises their crossway as the best notice compared to other brands with the same type of product, but the products gauge is not as good as it purported in the advertisement.2. Wal-MartWal-Mart is the largest American green goddess that runs discount department stores. It was found in 1962, Arkansas, USA by surface-to-air missile Walton. It was incorporated on October 31st, 1969. Furthermore, Wal-Mart is the largest common soldier employer in the world.Wal-Mart owns and operates Sams Club(, Wal-Mart Stores Divisions U.S., and Wal-Mart International. Wal-Mart has nine different formats of retail business, which is, supercenters, food and drugs, general merchandise store, small markets, hard currency and carry stores, membership warehouse clubs, apparel stores, soft discount stores and restaurants.Wal-Mart overly offers private label store brands. Private label store brands are products offered by Wal-Mart which usually has the lowest price compared t o other brands that offers the same product in the store. These brands are produced by subsidized contracts awarded to the lowest bidder. Wal-Marts private label brand includes Sams Choice, Great Value and Equate.3. discriminationCompanies are responsible for any problems in regards to their employees welfare. Employees with high side jobs should give proper treatment and avoid discrimination to other employees with slight paid jobs. Employees who apply for a position in a firm should not be subjected to discrimination because of their national origin, race, gender, or religion. The Civil Rights characterization of 1964 prohibits such forms of discrimination. (Madura, J. 1998)To estimate that a certain accompany is practicing discrimination against a certain group, is by looking at how that certain group is distributed within the institution. There are common chord kinds of comparisons that show the practicing of discrimination. They include comparisons mingled with the med ium benefits that the discriminated group gets and the average benefits of other workers, comparisons between the level of jobs and comparisons of advantageous positions between the discriminated and the normal labours.However, as an established company, Wal-Mart is not responsible to its workers. In fact, the three kinds of comparisons can be clearly seen in its management. They have been discriminating against women, minorities, and the handicapped workers. Furthermore, Wal-Marts staff has also been discriminating their customers, racially(. This is very unethical, as the company cannot survive without their clients or customers. By discriminating and making offensive actions racially to customers, customers will switch to the firms competitor as the service provided are not satisfying. Moreover, some customers sued Wal-Mart for not being ethically responsible.