Chem Notes Igcse Essay Example for Free

Chem Notes Igcse EssayGiant covalent Structures There argon 2 examples of Giant covalent structures ball field Graphite They be bothallotropesof carbon, nitty-gritty they areboth differenttypes of the physicalform of Carbon. Diamond Structure Giant covalent hoopof carbon particles. Each Carbon atom is bonded to 4 others which tetrahedrally surround the atom. They have ahigh run pointas a large amount of heat zipper is needed to break their bonds. They areunableto conduct electricity as they have no spare mobileelectrons to carry the current. Diamond is veryhardas there are many bonds within the substance. It is the hardest natural substance and is oftentimes used in drilling. Graphite Structure Arranged inlayersof atoms. Each carbon atom is linked to 3 others, leaving one outer shell electron on to each one carbon is free to move and able to cary the current. Therefore, they are able to conduct electricity. Graphite also has a high dissolve point for the same reasons a s diamond. However, it is not hard like diamond but in position very soft. There are weak forces betweenthelayers of atoms.Theyare able to slide over each other and therefore able to act as a lubricant. covalent Bonding explanationWhen an atom shares one or much pairs of electrons between atoms to mother the electronic configuration of a noble gas. Covalent bonds appear innon-metalsand createmolecules. They can even appear in atoms of the same element,H2. Molecule two or more than atomschemicallybonded together. The covalently bonded atoms are held together bystrong attractionbetween the stick pair of electronsand thenucleiof the atoms.Covalent bonds can be classified intotwogroupssimple molecularstructures giant covalentstructures Simple molecular Structures They have low melting/boiling points dueto the fact thatthereareweakintermolecular forces of attraction. Although, they do have strong covalent bonds. Therefore, they need less heat energy to overcome and break the weak bo nds. Some substancessumblimeunder heating. i. e. They turn directly into a gas from a solid. Giant molecular StructuresSee post on giant Molecular structures , Ionic BondingDefinitionThe transfer of one or more electrons between 1 atom to another Why? To obtain the electronic configuration of a noble gas. Thisis because noble gases are inert/very unreactive. If an atomlosesan electron then the atom will form apositiveion. This is because there are now more protons than electrons in the atom. If an atomgainsan electron, the atom forms anegativeion as there are now more electrons than protons in the atom. Thechargeof an ion is related to where the elements position is in the periodic table.